
漸進式、延遲退休年齡、繳費
用英語怎麼說?

延遲退休的話題,近幾年來一直活躍在政府和老百姓的議論中。
今天下午,靴子終於落地了。
新華社受權釋出了《全國人大常委會關於實施漸進式延遲法定退休年齡的決定》,這是1950年代以來中國首次調整法定退休年齡。
“延遲法定退休年齡”,英文該怎麼說呢?
看到“延遲”,很多人的第一反應是delay,這樣的直譯是可以的,但外媒報道的標題中更常用的是raise一詞,“延遲”實際指的是提高了退休年齡。
“法定”在英文中對應的是statutory,表示relating to rules or laws which have been written down,因此“延遲法定退休年齡”可以翻譯成raise the statutory retirement age.

《決定》對於男、女職工的法定退休年齡都做出了調整:男職工退休年齡統一延遲至63週年,女職工原先有兩種退休年齡50歲和55歲,分別延遲至55歲和58歲。
看了幾篇英文媒體的報道,BBC對於這一調整的解釋最簡潔:
The top legislative body on Friday approved proposals to raise the statutory retirement age from 50 to 55 for women in blue-collar jobs, and from 55 to 58 for females in white-collar jobs.
Men will see an increase from 60 to 63.
《決定》中並沒有點名女職工退休年齡的職業差別,BBC的報道直截了當的指出原先50歲退休的是從事藍領工作(blue-collar jobs)的職工,而55歲退休的是從事白領工作(white-collar jobs)的職工,還有些外媒稱之為office jobs。
但如果不希望英文說得那麼明確,也可以學習CNN的報道:
Existing rules stated that men in urban areas could retire at 60 and receive their pensions, and women at 50 or 55, depending on their occupation.
這裡用“depending on their occupation”,表明是根據不同職業,來區分退休年齡的。
延遲法定退休年齡並不是“一刀切”、“一步到位”,而是採取“漸進式”的方法,從2025年1月1日起,逐步延遲。
這種“漸進式”的做法,《紐約時報》給出了一個很地道的說法:
This is the first time China has raised its retirement age since the 1950s. It will be phased in gradually, starting on Jan. 1, 2025.
這裡的phase in 表示的就是“漸進式”實施,英文解釋是to introduce or start using sth. gradually in stages over a period of time,逐步引入,分階段實施。
與phase in相對的是phase out ,表示逐步淘汰,比如我們常說的“逐步淘汰落後產能”,就可以翻譯成phase out outdated capacities.

此外,《決定》還調整了養老金最低繳費年限,規定"從2030年1月1日起,將職工按月領取基本養老金最低繳費年限由十五年逐步提高至二十年,每年提高六個月”。
這句話該怎麼用英語完整清楚地表達呢?
CNN是這樣報道的:
The measures…also lay out plans to extend the minimum working period for employees to receive a monthly pension from 15 to 20 years, with changes starting from 2030.
這句英文意思很清楚,但把“最低繳費年限”譯成“the minimum working period”(最低工作年限),不夠準確。
再來看看《紐約時報》的報道:
The decision will also lengthen the time people must pay into pension funds before becoming eligible to receive a monthly pension, to 20 years from 15.
這裡明確了中文“繳費”的要求,pay into pension funds。
be eligible to do sth. 表示有資格做某事,must pay into pension funds before becoming eligible to receive a monthly pension…, 很清楚地表明繳費滿20年才有資格領取每月的養老金。
再看看BBC是怎麼報道的:
Starting 2030, employees will also have to make more contributions to the social security system in order to receive pensions. By 2039, they would have to clock 20 years of contributions to access their pensions.
這裡的contributions是“繳費”更專業的說法,英英詞典裡的解釋是a sum of money that you pay regularly to your employer or the government in order to pay for benefits such as health insurance, a pension, etc.(給僱主或政府用作醫療保險、養老金等津貼的)定期繳款。
這句裡的clock是用作動詞,表示to reach a particular time or speed ,達到(某時間或速度)。
access既可以作名詞,也可以作動詞,這句話裡的access是動詞,表示獲取,access their pensions,表示可以領取養老金。
因此,“have to clock 20 years of contributions to access their pensions”也很準確地表達了“領取基本養老金最低繳費年限為20年”的概念,可以學習一下。
對照《決定》附件中的表格,你還有幾年退休?
文字參考:CNN,BBC, The New York Times
圖片來源於網路

raise the statutory retirement age
延遲法定退休年齡
phase in 漸進實施
contributions 繳費
clock 達到(時間或速度)
be eligible to do sth.
有資格做某事

獨到英語



關鍵詞
退休年齡
法定退休年齡
延遲法定退休年齡
女職工
最低繳費年限