看似無害,實則上癮!電子煙危害正吞噬下一代

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2. Fowles J, Barreau T, Wu N. Cancer and Non-Cancer Risk Concerns from Metals in Electronic Cigarette Liquids and Aerosols. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020 Mar 24;17(6):2146. doi: 10.3390/ijerph17062146. PMID: 32213824; PMCID: PMC7142621.
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20. Fowles J, Barreau T, Wu N. Cancer and Non-Cancer Risk Concerns from Metals in Electronic Cigarette Liquids and Aerosols. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020 Mar 24;17(6):2146. doi: 10.3390/ijerph17062146. PMID: 32213824; PMCID: PMC7142621.
21. Liu Q, Huang C, Chris Le X. Arsenic species in electronic cigarettes: Determination and potential health risk. J Environ Sci (China). 2020;91:168-176. doi:10.1016/j.jes.2020.01.023
22. National Cancer Institute. Arsenic. Updated December 5, 2022. Accessed March 25, 2025. https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/causes-prevention/risk/substances/arsenic
23. World Health Organization. Arsenic: Key facts. Updated December 7, 2022. Accessed March 25, 2025. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/arsenic
24. Zhao S, Zhang X, Wang J, Lin J, Cao D, Zhu M. Carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic health risk assessment of organic compounds and heavy metals in electronic cigarettes. Sci Rep. 2023;13(1):16046. Published 2023 Sep 25. doi:10.1038/s41598-023-43112-y
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28. Proposition 65. Lead and Lead Components. Accessed March 25, 2025. https://www.p65warnings.ca.gov/fact-sheets/lead-and-lead-compounds
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31. Salamanca, J.C., Meehan-Atrash, J., Vreeke, S. et al. E-cigarettes can emit formaldehyde at high levels under conditions that have been reported to be non-averse to users. Sci Rep 8, 7559 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-25907-6
32. The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH). Formaldehyde: evidence of carcinogenicity. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Updated June 6, 2014. Accessed March 25, 2025. https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/81-111/default.html
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