提到幹細胞捐獻，很多人腦海裡會浮現出用針穿透皮膚和脊柱抽取骨髓的畫面。來自湖南省岳陽市的大學生王俊濤當初也這麼想。
The grim image of a needle piercing skin and bones to draw out marrow is what comes to mind for many when they think of stem cell donation. Wang Juntao, a college student who voluntarily registered as a donor about four years ago, was no different.
2021年夏天，在湖南理工學院讀大四的王俊濤在位於校園的獻血車上獻過血後，成為中華骨髓庫登記志願者，但當時他對造血幹細胞捐獻的瞭解還不是很多。今年2月，他接到了初步配型成功的電話，感到有些茫然和猶豫。
So when the 22-year-old received a call in February informing him he was a potential match for a blood disease patient, he was slightly confused.
全國第2萬例造血幹細胞捐獻者王俊濤 圖源：中華骨髓庫
“後來我在網上搜索了很多資料，並諮詢了當地紅十字會的工作人員。我瞭解到捐獻造血幹細胞實際上非常安全，只是會帶來一些暫時的不適。” 他說。 “這意味著我可以透過一些努力拯救另一個人的生命，於是我決定成為一名捐獻者。”
"I checked information available online carefully and consulted with local Red Cross officials," he said. "I learned that stem cell donation is actually very safe and only involves some temporary discomfort. I can potentially save another person's life with some effort, so I decided to go ahead with the donation."
王俊濤於本月初完成造血幹細胞採集，成為全國第2萬例非親緣造血幹細胞捐獻者。
Wang completed the harvesting procedure earlier this month and became the country's 20,000th unrelated hematopoietic stem cell donor.
5月5日，大學生王俊濤成功完成造血幹細胞捐獻 圖源：岳陽日報
“整個過程非常順利，就像獻血一樣，沒什麼痛苦，只是在打了動員劑後的幾天，我感覺有點頭暈和發燒，但這些症狀在捐獻後也很快消失了。” 他說。
在本週舉行的一次主題宣傳活動上，中國紅十字會黨組成員、副會長王斌為王俊濤頒發了榮譽證書。
5月13日，中國紅十字會黨組成員、副會長王斌為王俊濤頒發榮譽證書 圖源：中華骨髓庫
“這兩萬名捐獻者來自不同的領域，有著不同的身份和經歷，他們中有在校的00後大學生，有用愛守護生命的白衣天使，有忙碌而又熱情的快遞小哥，有永葆軍人本色的退役軍人，他們為陌生人送去珍貴的生命禮物，成為社會責任和人間大愛的踐行者，成為人道、博愛、奉獻的無私精神的傳播者。” 她說道。
"These donors come from different backgrounds, including college students born in the 2000s, medical workers, delivery couriers and veterans," said Wang Bin, vice-president of the Red Cross Society of China.
"They have given another human being a second chance at life and exemplified social responsibility and universal love through their compassionate and selfless acts."
據悉，目前中華骨髓庫入庫資料已達到360多萬人份，成為世界第四大、亞洲第一大骨髓庫，累計捐獻造血幹細胞突破了2萬例，其中，向國（境）外捐獻超過400例。
The organization said more than 3.6 million people are now listed in China's registry for potential stem cell donors, making it the largest in Asia and the fourth largest in the world.
The number of unrelated stem cell transplantations nationwide exceeded 10,000 in September 2020 and has now surpassed 20,000, including 400 for patients from overseas.
岳陽市紅十字會工作人員徐嫻慧說，她碰到對造血幹細胞捐獻最常見的誤解之一是需要從背部脊柱中提取骨髓。
Xu Xianhui, a Red Cross worker in Yueyang, said one of the most common misconceptions is that the process involves extracting bone marrow from the spine.
“實際上，我們會提前幾天注射動員劑，然後透過手臂上的靜脈從外周血中採集幹細胞。這完全是安全的。” 她補充說，紅會也會在手術前後為捐獻者提供健康檢查。
"In reality, the procedure typically involves injecting mobilizing agents a few days beforehand and then collecting stem cells from peripheral blood through a vein in the arm," she said. "It is completely safe."
She added that the local Red Cross provides donors with health checkups before and after the procedure.
據中華骨髓庫的介紹，捐獻造血幹細胞由外周血進行採集，形式類似於無償獻血的機採血小板。動員劑可以加速骨髓造血幹細胞的生成並釋放到外周血中，以滿足移植需要。據多年的臨床觀察和國際報道，藥物動員劑對人體健康沒有長期或嚴重的副作用，僅在注射之後，因為刺激骨髓造血，產生類似輕微感冒的症狀，如低熱、肌肉骨骼痠痛等，在停藥之後很快消失。總之，捐獻造血幹細胞和無償獻血一樣安全、科學、無損健康。
岳陽市中心醫院血液科主任孫華說，符合條件的捐獻者年齡必須在18至45歲之間，並符合基本的健康標準。
Sun Hua, chief of the hematology department at Yueyang Central Hospital, said eligible donors must be age 18 to 45 and meet basic health criteria.
“外周血的捐獻量一般是200毫升左右，我們平時獻血的話是400毫升左右。而且幹細胞它是可以再生的，所以捐獻幹細胞對身體健康是沒有影響的。”
"A typical stem cell collection requires only 200 milliliters of peripheral blood per session — compared to 400 milliliters for a standard blood donation," Sun said. "Also, the body naturally regenerates these cells, making the procedure very safe."
造血幹細胞移植是治療和挽救血液病患者生命的重要手段。湖南省人民醫院細胞移植科主任劉燦說，儘管現在有很多新療法，但對於急性白血病和嚴重再生障礙性貧血等疾病，幹細胞移植仍然是不可替代的。
Stem cell transplantation is a critical tool in treating and saving the lives of blood disease patients. Liu Can, director of the cellular transplantation department at Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, said that despite advances in new therapies, stem cell transplantation remains irreplaceable for conditions such as acute leukemia and severe aplastic anemia.
劉燦說： “在我們醫院，幹細胞移植接受者的五年生存率有80%以上，很多患有地中海貧血的兒童患者接受移植後實現了無病生存。”
"At our hospital, stem cell recipients achieve a five-year survival rate of about 80 percent, and many child patients with thalassemia have achieved clinical remission thanks to the procedure," she said.
今年，王俊濤即將大學畢業。 “如果說大學生活是一場豐富的課程，那麼捐獻造血幹細胞無疑是我大學四年最特別、最有意義的‘選修課’。”
“當看到許許多多工作人員，為救助他人默默付出、不懈努力，而我有幸成為這個愛心鏈條中的一環時，我感到無比自豪。” 他說。
記者：王小予
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