手機為何越刷越累
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Unsplash回想一下，你最近一次感到生氣是什麼時候？我敢打賭，不少人會覺得自己現在變得越來越易怒了。這也是人之常情，一旦開啟手機和電腦開始接收網際網路和各類社交媒體上傳來的訊息，我們就會無法控制自己的憤怒和負面情緒。長此以往，這會讓我們感到疲憊不堪。當憤怒無處不在時，我們能做些什麼來避免被它影響呢？
這種現代人常會感受到的情緒可以被總結為一個非正式的概念：憤怒疲勞
（outrage fatigue）
，指的是在反覆經歷、看到一些令人感到憤怒的道德失範行為後，人們最終會變得疲憊不堪，隨著時間推移，這種疲憊就會演變成麻木。
這聽起來會讓很多人感同身受，但現在，憤怒疲勞本身並沒有得到充分的研究，研究人員更多關注的是憤怒，這可能是一種很有用的情緒，它可以幫助你識別問題並對其做出反應。但如果人們一直在經歷憤怒，被憤怒淹沒而不知如何應對的話，那也可能是有害的。
近日，發表在《科學》（Science）上的一項研究揭示，憤怒會讓錯誤資訊在網路上得到更廣泛的傳播，尤其是在社交媒體上。
這項研究來自美國西北大學（Northwestern University）凱洛格管理學院（Kellogg School of Management）的管理與組織學助理教授威廉·布雷迪（William Brady）團隊，他們分析了錯誤資訊利用憤怒情緒在社交媒體中傳播的路徑。結果發現，與可信新聞源相比，錯誤資訊源引發的憤怒情緒更多，尤其是道德憤怒（厭惡和憤怒的混合）。使用者更願意分享容易“引發眾怒”的錯誤資訊，而且很多時候並不看資訊的具體內容。更糟糕的是，僅強調分享準確資訊的干預措施可能無效，因為憤怒情緒對資訊的傳播促進作用與對可信訊息的渴望帶來的分享程度相當，使用者還可能透過分享憤怒的錯誤資訊來表明道德立場或對政治群體的忠誠。
因此，如果你覺得自己感受到的憤怒已經過載，可以考慮……[檢視全文]
Avoiding Outrage Fatigue while Staying Informed
Rachel Feltman: For Scientific American’s Science Quickly, this is Rachel Feltman.
No matter what you believe, I’m willing to bet you’ve been feeling a lot of outrage lately. To me personally, it feels unavoidable: I can’t look down at my phone or glance up at a TV without seeing something that makes me upset. And that’s really exhausting. But when outrage is everywhere, what can we do to keep it from getting to us?
Here to talk to us about fighting so-called outrage fatigue is Tanya Lewis, a senior editor covering health and medicine at
Scientific American
.
Tanya, thanks for joining us today.
Tanya Lewis:
Thanks so much for having me.
Feltman:
So you recently wrote about this phenomenon called “outrage fatigue.” Could you tell us what that is?
Lewis:
Sure, so outrage fatigue is kind of an informal concept, which basically refers to repeatedly experiencing perceived moral transgressions and feeling fatigued by them. So what that basically means is just, you know, you see something, you’re outraged by it, and over time you just become kind of numb to it.
Feltman:
Sounds relevant to [laughs], to many of our lives.
Lewis:
Yes [laughs].
Feltman:
What do researchers know about outrage in general?
Lewis: So outrage fatigue itself hasn’t been that well-studied, but outrage in general has been studied, and people have found that, actually, outrage can be useful. It actually can help you identify a problem and react to it. But it can also be harmful if you’re experiencing it all the time and become overwhelmed by it.
There’s actually a recent study by William Brady, an assistant professor of management and organizations at Northwestern University’s Kellogg School of Management. He and his colleagues found that outrage actually helps misinformation spread more widely, especially online on social media. So the upshot of this is that when you have too much outrage, people can actually…[full transcript]
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因此，如果你覺得自己感受到的憤怒已經過載，可以考慮