體制內工資調整,《經濟學人》如何報道?丨社會丨財經丨精讀

前段時間,公務員和事業編制人員工資普調,引發熱議,《經濟學人》也對此事進行了報道,今天和大家分享文章裡的一些語言點:
01
“公務員”怎麼說?
A pay rise for government workers sparks envy in China.
政府工作人員薪資上漲引發嫉妒。
government workers指“政府員工、公務員”
So as news spread online in late December that people on the government payroll were being given a salary increase, some netizens were outraged.
12月下旬,編制工作人員加薪的訊息在網上傳開後,一些網友感到憤慨。
payroll是指“工資名單”,people on the government payroll字面意思是“在政府工資名單上的人”,即政府給發工資的人,即編制內人員。
“裁員”的一種說法就是cut the payroll
outrage指“使憤慨”,也可以作名詞,指“憤慨”,《青島路虎司機逆行打人惹眾怒》一文中,我們講過 spark outrage 這個表達。
把out去掉,rage則表示“猛烈地進行”,可以搭配流行病、大火、暴風雨、戰鬥、爭論等,最近洛杉磯大火,新聞報道中便出現了這個詞:
Those affected include civil servants as well as others paid by the government, such as teachers.
受到影響的包括公務員以及其他由政府支付薪酬的群體,如教師等。
civil servants是“公務員”的標準說法,civil指“公民的、國民的”,如civil war / disturbance 內戰/內亂。
Life can be tough as a state employee, but envy of them is growing.
作為政府僱員,生活可能並不容易,但公眾對他們的嫉妒情緒卻在不斷升溫。
a state employee也是“公務員”的意思。
02
“加薪”怎麼說?
A pay rise for government workers sparks anger and envy in China.
政府工作人員薪資上漲引發了中國民眾的憤怒與嫉妒。
rise在這裡是名詞,a pay rise/increase是“加薪”的意思。
So as news spread online in late December that people on the government payroll were being given a salary increase, some netizens were outraged.
因此,當12月下旬關於政府工作人員薪資上漲的訊息在網路上傳開時,一些網友感到憤怒。
salary和pay是同義替換,a salary/pay/wage rise/increase都是“加薪”。可搭配動詞receivebe given
On social media, however, users have been confirming their pay packets are bigger (though some say they have not been notified). 
然而,在社交媒體上,許多網友表示他們的工資已經有所增加(儘管也有一些人稱尚未收到正式通知)。
packet指包裹、袋子,過去人們通常把現金工資裝進信封或紙袋中發放,因此“pay packets”字面意思指“工資袋”,現在引申為“薪水、報酬”,是個非正式表達。
Pay packets are bigger,工資袋更大了,即加薪。
The raise is hardly massive: a few tens of dollars per month, backdated to July, according to examples cited on the internet. It would amount to an increase of a few percent on their basic pay. But it appears to be the first hike since 2021.
這次漲幅並不算大:根據網路上的一些例子,每月漲幅僅為幾十元人民幣,從7月起追溯計算,基本工資的增幅也僅為幾個百分點。但這似乎是自2021年以來的首次調薪。
raisehike都可以作名詞,表示“增長”,在該語境中都指“加薪”。
hike可用於描述圖表或價格上漲,看個外刊例句:
Shoppers in Taiwan have rushed to their supermarkets to get their hands on as many toilet paper rolls as possible amid fears of an impending price hike.
因擔憂價格即將上漲,臺灣民眾湧入超市搶購衛生紙。
03
“降薪”怎麼說?
In China’s private sector, many complain that jobs and wages are being cut as the country’s economy flounders.
在中國的私營部門,許多人抱怨隨著經濟面臨困境,公司在裁員、降薪。
wages are being cut指“降薪”。
flounder意思是to have a lot of problems and be likely to fail completely“困難重重,艱難掙扎”,例如:
More and more firms are floundering because of the recession.
由於經濟衰退,越來越多的公司舉步維艱。
電影《紐約的一個雨天》中也出現過這個詞:
04
如何形容“缺錢”?
But it appears to be the first hike since 2021. After several years of urging by the government that officials tighten their belts, it signals a little easing.
但這似乎是自2021年以來的首次漲薪。在政府多年來敦促官員們“勒緊褲腰帶”之後,這一舉措顯現出一些放鬆的跡象。
Tighten their belts是個比喻,字面意思是“勒緊褲腰帶”,形容缺錢的狀態。
In recent years there have been widespread reports of cash-strapped local authorities delaying or cutting payments of other benefits.
近年來,關於地方政府因財政困窘而推遲或削減其他福利支付的報道屢見不鮮。
cash-strapped 是合成形容詞,意思是“資金緊張的”,也可以用cash-stretched或financially stretched表示。
strap是“捆綁”的意思,被現金綁住,就是“手頭拮据、手頭困難”的意思。
看《繼承之戰》裡的一句臺詞:
05
“工資少”有哪些說法?
Pay—even when received on time and in full—has often failed to reflect the amount of effort put in. So workers are putting in less effort.
即便薪酬按時足額髮放,也往往難以真正體現勞動者的付出。因此,許多員工選擇減少工作投入。
“工資少”就是工資和付出不成正比,可以說 Pay failed to reflect the amount of effort put in,其中put in是過去分詞形式的後置定語,修飾effort,指“投入的精力”。
這句話還有一個更簡單的說法:underpaid.
underpay由“under”和“pay”組合而成,從構詞角度就可以推斷出,它是“少付”的意思,比如你嫌老闆給你的工資低,就可以說:
I'm underpaid, so I want to find another job.
我工資低,所以想跳槽。 
它的反義詞是overpay,指“給…過多的錢”,2016年考研閱讀理解Text4中就出現了這個詞:
“So if you’re overpaying for print, you could feel like you were helping,” Peretti said. 
“所以如果你為紙質版多付了錢,你會覺得你在幫助他們。”佩雷迪說。
 《經濟學人》關於虛擬網紅的報道中也用到了這個詞:
According to fans, the performer behind the virtual idol had complained that she was bullied, overworked and underpaid.  據粉絲們透露,這位虛擬偶像的幕後扮演者曾抱怨自己受到職場欺凌、工作強度大、薪水過低。
overworked and underpaid 經常成雙成對出現,作形容詞,表示“過度工作、工資低”,大家可以直接當做詞塊記下。
美劇《傲骨賢妻》第七季中就出現過這組搭配:
overwork 這個詞比較簡單,它是由字首“over-”(過度)和“work”(工作)組成,合起來就是“過度工作,過度勞累”,兼具名詞和動詞兩種用法。
我們先看它的動詞用法,當 overwork 用作動詞時,既可以用主動,也可以用被動,比如:
He's overworking and has got a lot on his mind.
他工作太累,而且非常操心。(主動)
He is overworked and underpaid.
他超負荷工作,但工資極低。(被動)
其名詞用法更為普遍,常出現在“壓力”“工作與生活”的話題中,比如,《經濟學人》中有篇文章講了過度工作的危害,題目叫 Get a life(去享受生活吧),文中有這麼一句話:
Overwork, said Russell, led to "frayed nerves, weariness, and dyspepsia". ([dɪsˈpepsiə])
羅素說,過度工作會導致“神經緊張、疲倦和消化不良”。
據查,2015年國家開始搞公務員薪資兩年一調的政策。簡單說,就是每兩年就會調整一次工資,保證公務員收入能跟得上物價上漲。上一次工資調整在2021年,已超出正常約兩年的調整週期。
推薦閱讀
去年今日
課程推薦

相關文章