IVYPEDIA暑期人文核心課程|哈佛導師親授：站在道德角度審視經濟史，我們何去何從？

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IVYPEDIA

攜哈佛名師Sama

推出人文核心課程279

“道德經濟”

課程概況

縱觀歷史，私人利益與公共福祉如何協調？追求利潤與實現可持續發展能否並行？經濟需求與道德義務之間又該如何抉擇？財富如何分配？社會福利由哪些原則支撐？本課程將帶你深入歷史長河，探討道德經濟的演變，闡明經濟正義、互助精神和社會責任之間長期存在的緊張關係。從商業與信貸法規，到關於奴隸制、殖民主義和環境風險的辯論，研究幾個世紀以來塑造經濟生活的道德框架。

我們還將以歷史為基礎，探討當代緊迫的議題：消費者是否有義務購買符合道德標準的產品？教育和醫療作為繁榮社會的基石，如果讓個人揹負終身債務，這是否道德？經濟政策應如何解決這一負擔？政府在規範商業、管理信貸和福利以及財富再分配中應扮演什麼角色？資本主義是否本質上與道德價值相悖？企業如何在股東利益與道德責任之間取得平衡？

課程目標

這門獨特的課程將幫助學生以道德的角度重讀經濟史，由此鍛煉出無論在歷史研究還是其他領域都至關重要的分析能力。在這門課程中，學生將打破時空界限，運用跨學科的思維方式，鑽研原始研究資料。本課程旨在幫助學生鍛鍊批判性思考的能力，提出富有洞察力的問題，獨立尋找答案，並以口頭和書面形式展示自己的思考結果。

本課程無需購買任何書籍。所有指定閱讀材料的連結或PDF掃描件將提前透過電子郵件傳送。除了每週8小時的課堂學習，學生每週還需進行2-3小時的獨立學習。學生需每週提交閱讀作業，這份作業的核心在於分析，而非僅僅複述和總結當週的閱讀材料。請你深入剖析文字，並將它們與當週主題巧妙地進行思想上的串聯和碰撞。

講師和課程簡介

Sama本科畢業於哈佛大學，獲得歷史學、藝術史與建築史學士學位，輔修中世紀研究，以優異成績畢業並獲得最高榮譽。她在哈佛曾獲得多項科研和教學獎項，包括富布賴特獎學金和兩項哈佛大學傑出教學榮譽。

Sama是哈佛大學歷史系的博士生兼本科講師。她擁有近15年的教學和指導經驗，在加入Ivypedia之前，她曾擔任《The Concord Review》的助理編輯和暑期專案講師。

7月21日-8月14日與您見面

每週一和週四北京時間20:00-21:00上課

閱讀材料

– Monday, July 21: Moral Economy + A Workshop on Primary Sources

Please come to the first class having read the following texts:

1) Thompson, E. P. “The Moral Economy of the English Crowd in the 18th Century.” Past & Present 50 (1971): 76–136.

2) Carrier, James G. “Moral Economy: What’s in a Name?” Anthropological Theory 18, no. 1 (2018): 18–35.

3) Skambraks, Tanja, and Martin Lutz. “Introduction.” In Reassessing the Moral Economy: Religion and Economic Ethics from Ancient Greece to the 20th Century, edited by Martin Lutz and Tanja Skambraks, 1–15. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023.

4) Pope Francis and Ecumenical Patriarch Bartholomew. “Foreword.” In Ethics in Action for Sustainable Development, edited by Jeffrey D. Sachs, Owen Flanagan, Marcelo Sánchez Sorondo, William Vendley, Anthony Annett, and Jesse Thorson. New York: Columbia University Press, 2022. (Pages TBA.)

– Thursday, July 24: Commerce and Profit

Primary Sources:

1) Plato, Laws, v. 742

2) Seneca, De beneficiis, VII.

3) Thomas Aquinas, Summa Theologica, II-II, q. 77.

4) Ibn Khaldun, The Muqaddimah, “Chapter 5: On the Various Aspects of Making a Living.”

5) John Calvin, Institutes of the Christian Religion, translated by John Allen (selections TBA)

Secondary Sources:

1) Langholm, Odd. “Introduction” in The Merchant in the Confessional: Trade and Price in the Pre-Reformation Penitential Handbooks. Studies in Medieval and Reformation Thought; v. 93. Leiden; Boston: Brill, 2003.

2) Weber, Max. The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism. Routledge Classics. London: Routledge, 2001 (pages TBA)

3) Caferro, William. “Premodern European Capitalism, Christianity, and Florence.” Business

History Review 94, no. 1 (2020): 39–72.

4) Ceccarelli, Giovanni. (2001). “Risky Business: Theological and Canonical Thought on Insurance from the Thirteenth to the Seventeenth Century.” The Journal of Medieval and Early Modern Studies, 31(3), 607-658.

– Monday, July 28: Poverty

Primary Sources:

1) The Golden Legend, Life of St. Francis.

2) William Ockham, Opus Nonaginta Dierum, chapters 2, 26-28, 65, and 88

3) The Vagabonds and Beggars Act 1494

4) Quran, Al-Baraqah, verse 195.

Secondary Sources:

1)Scheidel, Walter. “A Brief History of Inequality.” In The Great Leveler: Violence and the History of Inequality from the Stone Age to the Twenty-First Century, 24–61. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2018.

2) Todeschini, Giacomo. Chapters 1 and 3 in Franciscan Wealth: From Voluntary Poverty to Market Society. Saint Bonaventure, NY: Franciscan Institute, Saint Bonaventure University, 2009.

3) Lis, Catharina, and Hugo Soly. Chapters 1, 2, and 3 in Poverty and Capitalism in Pre-Industrial Europe, 1350–1850. Atlantic Highlands, NJ: Humanities Press, 1979.

4) Caviola, Lucius, Stefan Schubert, and Joshua D. Greene. “The Psychology of (In)Effective Altruism.” Trends in Cognitive Sciences 24, no. 7 (2021): 596–604.

– Thursday, July 31: Debt and Usury

Primary Sources:

1) Aristotle, Politics, Book I, Ch. X

2) The Law of Twelve Tables, Table VIII.

3) Codex Justinianus, De Usuris (4.320). Transl. S. P. Scott, The Civil Law [Cincinnati 1932].

4) Caesarius of Heisterbach, Dialogus Miraculorum, exempla about usurers (pages TBA).

Secondary Sources:

1) Maloney, Robert P. “Usury in Greek, Roman and Rabbinic Thought.” Traditio 27 (1971): 79–109.

2) Lowry, Todd. “Ancient and Medieval Economics.” In A Companion to the History of Economic Thought, edited by W. Samuels, J. Biddle, and J. Davis, 17–39. Malden, MA: Blackwell, 2003.

3) Le Goff, Jacques. Your Money or Your Life: Economy and Religion in the Middle Ages. Translated by Patricia Ranum. Chapter 1. New York: Zone Books, 1990.

4) Calder, Ryan. “God’s Technicians: Religious Jurists and the Usury Ban in Judaism, Christianity, and Islam.” European Journal of Sociology 57, no. 2 (2016): 207–257.

5) Graeber, David. “The Axial Age (800 BC–600 AD).” In Debt: The First 5,000 Years, 223–251. New York: Melville House Publishing, 2011.

– Monday, August 4: Political Economy

Primary Sources:

1) Serra, Antonio. A “Short Treatise” on the Wealth and Poverty of Nations (1613). Edited and translated by Sophus A. Reinert. London: Anthem Press, 2011, 117–155. (Note: Half of it is in Italian, so it’s shorter than it looks!)

2) Smith, Adam. An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations. Edited by Edwin Cannan. 5th ed. London: Methuen & Co., 1904. First published 1776.

3) Gu Yanwu. Record of Daily Knowledge and Collected Poems and Essays: Selections. Translated by Ian Johnston. New York: Columbia University Press, 2016. Sections 10.8, 11.6, 12.2, 88–96.

Secondary Sources:

1) Yoffee, Norman. “Political Economy in Early Mesopotamian States.” Annual Review of Anthropology 24 (1995): 281–311.

2) Magnusson, Lars G. “Mercantilism.” In A Companion to the History of Economic Thought, edited by W. Samuels, J. Biddle, and J. Davis, 46–65. Malden, MA: Blackwell, 2003.

3) Reinert, Sophus A. “Introduction.” In Antonio Serra, A “Short Treatise” on the Wealth and Poverty of Nations (1613), vii–xxviii. London: Anthem Press, 2011.

4) Phillipson, Nicholas. “Adam Smith as Civic Moralist.” In Wealth and Virtue: The Shaping of Political Economy in the Scottish Enlightenment, edited by Istvan Hont and Michael Ignatieff, 179–202. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1983.

– Thursday, August 7: Colonialism

Primary Sources:

1) Juan Ginés de Sepúlveda. Democrates Alter (or, on the Just Causes for War Against the Indians)

2) Bartolome de las Casas, In Defense of the Indians

3) Adam Smith, Wealth of Nations, Book IV: Of Systems of Political Economy, Chapter VII: Of Colonies.

Secondary Sources:

1) Pagden, Anthony. “Dispossessing the Barbarian: Rights and Property in Spanish America.” In Spanish Imperialism and the Political Imagination: Studies in European and Spanish-American Social and Political Theory, 1513–1830, 13–36. New Haven and London: Yale University Press, 1990.

2) Muldoon, James. The Americas in the Spanish World Order: The Justification for Conquest in the Seventeenth Century. Introduction, Chapter 4, and Conclusion. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1994.

3) Herzog, Tamar. “Dialoguing with Barbarians: What Natives Said and How Europeans Responded in Late Seventeenth and Eighteenth Century Portuguese America.” In Justice in a New World: Negotiating Legal Intelligibility in British, Iberian, and Indigenous America, edited by Brian P. Owensby and Richard J. Ross, 59–88. New York: New York University Press, 2018.

4) Amrith, Sunil. “Chapter 4: Suburbs of Hell.” In The Burning Earth: A History. London: Allen Lane, 2024.

– Monday, August 11: Slavery

Primary Sources:

1) Seneca, Epistles, “On Master and Slave”

2) Council of Worms: On the Murder of Slaves

3) Fourth Council of Toledo: On the Keeping of Slaves.

4) Siete Partidas, Book IV, Titles 21 and 22.

5) Pope Paul III, Sublimis Deus

6) Seijas, Tatiana “Born Oceans Apart: The Joint Testament of a Chino Slave and His Mulata Wife.” In Native Wills from the Colonial Americas: Dead Giveaways in a New World. Ed. Mark Christensen and Jonathan Truitt. Salt Lake City, University of Utah Press, 2015, 40-52.

Secondary Sources:

1) Harper, Kyle. “Conquest and Capital: The Problem of Slavery in the Late Roman World.” In Slavery in the Late Roman World, AD 275–425, 3–32. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2011.

2) Burkholder, Mark A., and Lyman L. Johnson, eds. “Slavery and Slave Trade.” In Colonial Latin America. 6th ed., 144–156. New York: Oxford University Press, 2008.

3) Wengrow, David, and David Graeber. “Many Seasons Ago: Why Canadian Foragers Kept Slaves and Their Californian Neighbours Didn’t; or, the Problem with ‘Modes of Production.’” In The Dawn of Everything: A New History of Humanity, by David Wengrow and David Graeber. London: Allen Lane, 2021. (Pages TBA.)

4) Goldberg, David M. “Introduction.” In The Curse of Ham: Race and Slavery in Early Judaism, Christianity, and Islam. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2005.

5) Haynes, Stephen R. “Original Dishonor: Noah’s Curse and the Southern Defense of Slavery.” In Noah’s Curse: The Biblical Justification of American Slavery. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2003, 65–87.

– Thursday, August 14: The Environment

Primary Sources:

1) Ausonius Fortunatus, The Moselle

2) Hildegard von Bingen, The Book of the Rewards of Life, Book 3, sections 20, 23, 25, 26.

3) Sound Recording: Hildegard von Bingen, O Nobilissima Viriditas, conducted by Steve Wishart; performed by Jocelyn West, Moira Smiley, Emily Levy, Steve Wishart and Richard Vendome, Sinfonye (Celestial Harmonies, 2004 (available on Hollis)

Secondary Sources:

1) Dadosky, John. “The Original Green Campaign: Hildegard of Bingen’s Viriditas as Complement to Laudato Si.” Toronto Journal of Theology 34, no. 1 (March 2018): 79–95.

2) Kalland, Arne. “Environmentalism and Images of the Other.” In Nature Across Cultures, edited by Helaine Selin, 329–349. Dordrecht: Springer Dordrecht, 2003.

3) Cronon, William, and John Demos. Changes in the Land: Indians, Colonists, and the Ecology of New England. 1st rev. ed., 20th-anniversary ed. New York: Hill and Wang, 2003. Part III, Chapter 8, “That Wilderness Should Turn a Mart,” 159–170.

4) Moore, Jason W. “The Rise of Cheap Nature.” In Anthropocene or Capitalocene?: Nature, History, and the Crisis of Capitalism, edited by Jason W. Moore. Binghamton, NY: PM Press, 2016.

5) Amrith, Sunil. The Burning Earth: A History. London: Allen Lane, 2024, Chapters 1-3.