據新華社，中國研究團隊倫敦時間26日在英國《自然》雜誌線上發表論文，報告世界首例將基因編輯豬的肝臟移植到腦死亡人體內的成功案例，移植的肝臟各項生理功能表現良好，這將有助於解決移植器官短缺問題。
A Chinese research team has successfully completed the world's first transplant of a gene-edited pig liver into a brain-dead human, with the organ showing good physiological function, Xinhua reported Wednesday.
本次研究中基因編輯豬肝臟移植示意圖。（研究團隊供圖）
中國科學院院士竇科峰帶領西京醫院等機構的研究團隊，以一隻經過6處基因編輯的豬為供體，將豬的肝臟移植到一名已腦死亡但身體基本機能仍被維持的人的體內，人類受體自身的肝臟被保留，以此模擬臨床肝衰竭患者的替代支援治療過程。
“我們觀察到，移植的經基因編輯的豬肝臟在人體內能夠發揮生理功能，正常分泌膽汁，血供和病理結果均良好。”竇科峰對新華社記者介紹，在移植後的10天觀察期內，未見超急性排斥反應，未發現豬內源性逆轉錄病毒在人體傳播的情況。
Dou Kefeng, an academician at the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), led a research team from Xijing Hospital and other institutions in transplanting the liver of a pig with six genetic edits into a brain-dead human whose basic bodily functions were still being maintained. The recipient's own liver was retained to simulate support therapy for patients with clinical liver failure. "We observed that the transplanted gene-edited pig liver can perform physiological functions in the human body, secreting bile normally, with good blood supply and pathological results," Dou Kefeng told Xinhua. No hyperacute rejection or transmission of porcine endogenous retrovirus to humans was detected during the 10-day observation.
《自然》雜誌專門就這篇論文舉行線上記者會，介紹這是已知的全球首個將基因編輯豬的肝臟移植給腦死亡人類受體的成功案例，論文發表標誌著這項去年3月完成的研究成果得到國際學術界承認。《自然》網站相關報道表示這是“將動物器官移植給人的一個里程碑”。
The study was published in Nature on March 26. The journal held an online press conference specifically for this paper, introducing it as the world's first known successful case of transplanting a gene-edited pig liver into a brain-dead human recipient. The publication of the paper marks the recognition of the research completed last March by the international academic community. A related report on the Nature website described it as a "milestone" in the transplantation of animal organs into humans.
英國牛津大學移植學教授彼得·弗蘭德評價說，“這是一項重要的研究”，推動了從動物向人類的異種器官移植科研領域的發展，手術技術“非常精妙”，表明在臨床上應用相關技術是可行的。
Peter Friend, professor of transplantation from University of Oxford commented that "This is an important study because it advances the field of xenotransplantation from non-human primates to human." Friend said that this is a very "elegant" surgical technique, noting that "it is potentially feasible in a clinical setting as a temporary bridging technique."
據介紹，這項研究的手術方案先後透過相關的學術委員會、倫理委員會等論證，嚴格按照國家有關規定逐項進行。人類受體為一例重型閉合性顱腦損傷患者，經全力搶救仍腦死亡，患者家屬同意無償參與異種肝移植科學研究，為醫學進步作出貢獻。移植研究在10天后因家屬意願終止。
The surgical plan was reviewed by relevant academic and ethics committees and was carried out strictly in accordance with national regulations.The recipient was a brain-dead patient with severe head trauma. The recipient's family agreed to participated in the xenogeneic liver transplant study without compensation, contributing to medical progress. The procedure was ended after 10 days at the request of the family.
近年來，在基因編輯等新技術推動下，以豬作為供體的異種器官移植取得較大進展。豬的一些器官與人類器官大小和功能相似，經過基因編輯後可以減少免疫排斥反應等風險。全球醫學界近年已報告了基因編輯豬的心臟、腎臟移植到人體的多個案例，這些研究將有助於解決可供移植的器官短缺這個世界難題。
來源：新華社 環球時報
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