近期，蘭州市公安局安寧分局成功偵破一起網路賭博案，民警赴廣東、浙江、福建等地，打掉涉賭犯罪團伙5個，抓獲犯罪嫌疑人44名，查實涉賭資金1.1億餘元，有力打擊了網路賭博違法犯罪。為擴大戰果、全面提升打擊成效，目前該案已由公安部網安局發起全國性跨區域叢集戰役，參戰各地公安機關共查獲涉案盲盒超過100萬個，查實涉案資金2.1億元。
Police have recently warned the public about the dangers of buying mystery boxes online through so-called "prize-guessing contests", which may constitute the crime of gambling.A nationwide crackdown initiated by the Ministry of Public Security has led to the seizure of over 1 million mystery boxes since late April, with confirmed funds totaling 210 million yuan ($29 million), and the operation is ongoing.
2024年3月23日，蘭州市公安局安寧分局網安民警開展網上巡查時，發現某網購平臺有一本地商家，直播銷售盲盒的方式十分“獨特”，每次開售均按組銷售，每組有16個盲盒，每個盲盒的定價至少在300元，而盲盒內裝物品均為市價低廉的普通玩偶，但買家卻是趨之若鶩、“一盒難求”。
In March, police from Lanzhou, Gansu province, discovered a local vendor selling mystery boxes in sets during a livestream on an online shopping platform through prize-guessing contests, with prices of the boxes exceeding 10 times the market value, ranging from 200 to over 400 yuan for each. The price discrepancy caught the attention of police and led them to investigate.
“經過調查，發現盲盒內的每個玩偶都有一個獨立編號，在一組16個盲盒全部開啟後，商家會示意買家前往指定的‘會員群’內參與抽獎，並提示獲獎買家憑積分兌換獎金。”辦案民警張勇介紹到。
可獎金到底如何兌換？民警決定實地前往該商家的直播間一探究竟。
在商家銷售盲盒進行直播的地方，民警發現：大量已經售出並開啟的盲盒，沒有一個發貨給買家，現場還存有30多箱共3000餘個尚未開啟的盲盒。在現場對直播間負責人孫某、高某二人進行訊問的過程中，二人表情慌張、語無倫次，民警便讓其演示直播開獎和兌換獎金全過程。
In the contests, the items contained in the boxes were not important. Rather, the "buyers" were concerned with a particular group of "lucky numbers" written on the boxes. To "buy" the boxes, they clicked on links posted in the live-streams, entered the numbers they were predicting and placed their bets.
“嫌疑人先記錄每組銷售的16個盲盒玩偶的編號，作為開獎的基礎編號，有時還在這16個編號裡混入4到6個其他不同的編號，將這些編號打亂後，使用電子抽獎機器，依次抽取4個編號，按照抽中的順序，列為一至四等獎，再根據獎項排序，分別賦予1200、800、600、400的積分，但實際上積分值就等同於要兌現的‘獎金’金額。嫌疑人從該組盲盒的營業額中，向對應中獎編號的買家兌現‘獎金’，透過固定微信群聯絡支付，剩餘的營業額則作為‘淨利潤’裝進了自己的腰包。”
Once customers finished betting on the boxes, each of which had one number written on it, the host revealed the "lucky numbers". He then opened the numbered boxes and arranged them in ascending order, similar to a lottery ticket.Those who correctly guessed the lucky numbers were then directed to join a WeChat group to "redeem points".Police found that each winning number had a "point" value. Customers who had selected all or some of the winning numbers would receive cash in exchange for "redeeming the points". Any remaining funds were retained as profit for the vendors.
兩人在短短5個月時間內，銷售盲盒的營業額就高達1000餘萬元。至此民警判定：孫某和高某刻意設定中獎規則，以小博大謀取利益，具有賭博性質，便將二人帶至分局進行進一步偵查。
Their investigations found that a significant number of sold and opened boxes were never delivered to buyers, proving the theory that the items were not what the bettors were after.The investigations also revealed that the livestreams tended to attract the same participants each time, some of whom had been arrested for gambling in the past. Over a five-month period, the online platform generated over 10 million yuan in revenue.
經審訊，孫某和高某於2023年10月在朋友處學會了這種盲盒“玩法”，為了牟取更大的收益，便“自立門戶”，自行開店在網購平臺和直播間“開盲盒、兌獎金”，而民警在網上巡查時發現的“玩法”則被稱為“16出4”。
透過進一步分析孫某和高某的經營行為、銷售流水、群聊記錄，民警瞭解到，盲盒“開獎”形式多樣，每個售價在300至500元不等，數量可大可小，由孫某和高某根據直播間參與的買家人數決定，最大規模的一次直播開獎共拆封399個盲盒、銷售額近12萬元、開出58個獎項，僅一等獎“獎金”就高達25000元。而在網上銷售直播間和固定的微信群內，買家則用“上車、下單、上牆、回米”等暗語，分別代指“開始直播、確定盲盒、進入抽獎、返還獎金”等行為，來規避公安機關和直播平臺的監管，但仍時不時出現“虧大了、贏麻了”等話術來吸粉引流。
“明著是盲盒銷售，可實際上所有買家都心知肚明，目的不是盲盒裡的玩偶，關注點在玩偶的編號，就像賭博中的籌碼一樣，為的是多輪參與抽獎、爭獲高額積分，從而兌換與積分數額等值的獎金，這種‘玩法’本身就具有極大的誘惑性和偶然性。”辦案民警楊苗介紹，“孫某和高某除了向中獎買家按照積分值1:1兌現獎金，還向未能中獎的盲盒買家‘低價回收’，即每個未中獎盲盒給予50元進行補償，巧妙利用‘賭徒心理’吸引和穩住買家。”
在充分了解此類涉嫌賭違法犯罪行為特點的基礎上，安寧分局立足本地，起底類似的直播銷售盲盒行為，梳理出13家網購平臺商家以相同或類似“玩法”，向蘭州市的買家銷售盲盒、組織抽獎、兌現“獎金”。
Police soon uncovered 13 other online platform merchants selling mystery boxes to buyers in Lanzhou in a similar manner.They also noted that the suspects used coded language in online broadcasts and WeChat groups to evade oversight by public security authorities and livestreaming platforms, making it difficult for law enforcement departments to identify and address the crimes.
因案件情況複雜、資金鍊條龐大、涉及人員眾多，安寧分局經逐級彙報後，抽調精兵強將成立專案組對案件開展全方位偵查。而專案組面臨的第一個難題，就是本案的核心——賭博行為的認定及相關法律的適用。
該案中，涉案嫌疑人只說積分不談錢、只提暗語不說賭，違法犯罪表象相對隱秘，且目前尚無該領域涉賭違法犯罪的詳細司法解釋和指導實踐案例。
在公安部網安局、省公安廳相關部門的大力支援下，專案組多次與人民法院、檢察機關會商研究，查詢全國範圍類似案例的法理剖析及司法適用，並邀請甘肅省法學會和甘肅政法大學專家教授，給予權威學術指導。最終認定：涉案商家積極構建“公開下注、機率玩法、籌碼兌換”的賭博閉環，以盲盒玩偶為賭具，以積分形式關聯下注金額，且明顯“以小博大”；而買家明知內幕卻依舊購買盲盒、參與抽獎，視同下注購買籌碼進行賭博，涉案商家構成開設賭場罪，買家則構成賭博違法行為。
The police collaborated with the court, the procuratorate and legal experts to study the issue. Ultimately, they concluded that the sale of mystery boxes disguised as prize-guessing contests constituted a form of gambling, which is a crime on the Chinese mainland.
有了準確的法律定性，結合前期的偵查，專案組立即行動，組織200餘名警力，分6個抓捕小組，前往多地進行抓捕。經審訊，犯罪嫌疑人如實供述了利用網購平臺直播間開設賭場的犯罪事實，專案組首戰告捷。
專案組沒有止步於現有戰果，而是持續在各網購平臺直播間調查取證，對可疑行為進行觀察取證，在短時間內篩查出110餘家組織手法相似、賭博特徵明顯的網上商家，並第一時間推送公安部網安局和省公安廳開展研判分析。在此期間，專案組還積極開展涉案嫌疑人勸投工作，先後有多名嫌疑人投案自首，其中包括2名已經逃往國外的開設賭場主犯黃某和楊某。
“我們在偵辦過程中打掉的這幾個涉賭犯罪團伙都有一個共同的特徵，就是組織嚴密、層級分明。”辦案民警張勇介紹說，“每個團伙都是由主犯聯絡和控制數家網店，店主負責店鋪運維、售賣盲盒，僱傭的主播則在主犯的授意下組織直播、現場開獎，當主犯確定了最終的中獎人員和獎金數額後，再指示財務人員根據中獎資訊進行。簡而言之就是‘莊家操盤掌控全域性、商戶搭臺提供場所、主播銷售誘導下注、財務人員後臺兌獎’的四級管理執行模式，並且‘莊家’還根據賭局大小和賭資多少，為自己控制的網上商戶和工作人員設立了‘考核辦法’，並以此為據對非法獲利進行分紅，其中以犯罪嫌疑人黃某為首的犯罪團伙在短短半年內就獲利3000餘萬元。”
Zhang Yong, an officer from the Lanzhou Municipal Public Security Bureau, said that casting bets by clicking links in livestreaming rooms to place bets was akin to using chips in a traditional casino."The merchants are suspected of operating gambling venues, while the gamblers, who are these betting players, are suspected of engaging in illegal gambling activities," he said.Zhang urged mystery box enthusiasts and players to be cautious about engaging in such activities. He noted that it is essential to ensure transparency in the marketing of mystery boxes.
2024年4月23日，公安部網安局結合省、市、區三級公安機關在案件偵辦過程中梳理發現的100餘條線索，在全國20個省、自治區、直轄市發起網路賭博專案全國叢集打擊戰役。全國各地承辦線索的公安機關均對此類涉賭違法犯罪開展線索落地、打擊查處，並紛紛向甘肅警方瞭解案件偵查思路和打處技巧戰法。
截止目前，透過叢集戰役查扣的涉案盲盒已達上百萬個，查實的涉案賭資金額已超過2.1億元。
記者：楊澤坤
編輯：商楨
來源：甘肅公安 中國日報
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