近日,經過形態特徵比較和系統發育分析,中央民族大學生命與環境科學學院教授龍春林團隊發表了一種菖蒲屬植物新物種——山柰(nài)菖蒲。該成果於1月20日在國際期刊《植物綱要》上發表。
有趣的是,該物種是團隊學生在逛菜市場時發現的。
Researchers have discovered and described a new species in the Acorus genus, named Acorus shannai, based on morphological and plastid genomic data. Led by Professor Long Chunlin from Minzu University of China, the study was published in PhytoKeys on Jan 20.

團隊博士生程卓說:“一次在貴州黔東南地區的菜市場調研時,我跟隨導師驚喜地發現了一種和金錢蒲形態相似的民間香料,當地人叫它山柰,一般會種植在房前屋後,便於採摘。它能散發出一股茴香氣味,而且非常濃烈。”
The species was first found by students at a local vegetable market in southwestern China's Guizhou province. Cheng Zhuo, a PhD student on the team, noted its fennel-like aroma and local name Shannai, commonly planted around homes for use as a seasoning.
“我們追蹤菖蒲屬大約有10年了。它很特殊,是單子葉植物最基部的類群,單屬成科併成目。不太嚴謹地說,它的‘親戚’比較少。此前被學界承認的菖蒲屬植物只有兩個種——金錢蒲和菖蒲。”

團隊把山柰帶回實驗室後,採用代謝組學和基因測序技術等多學科手段,找出了一系列新物種的證據。

龍春林教授團隊在野外採集到山柰菖蒲
他舉例,我們觀察它的微觀形態,發現果實有明顯的背縫線,並且葉柄基部呈紫色,苞片也比花序長很多。這些都和此前發現的物種不同。
A. shannai is distinct from other Acorus species in the A. gramineus group, with key features such as a strong fennel odor and unique fruit and leaf characteristics.
綜合其外形、氣味以及系統發育等方面的證據,團隊證實,山柰是一種菖蒲屬植物新種,並根據當地的叫法為它命名。


山柰菖蒲
Professor Long explained that a "new species" is one scientifically discovered, described, and named for the first time, regardless of previous human use.Therefore, even if people have seen or used the plant for generations, as long as it is distinct and has not been formally published under the scientific naming conventions, it can still be classified as a new species.

團隊還發現,民間使用的山柰菖蒲多靠人為栽培,野生種群分佈較少。因此團隊呼籲,應積極採取有針對性的策略,加強該物種的保護和可持續利用。
This discovery contributes to understanding Acorus genus diversity and phylogenetic relationships, while also promoting conservation efforts and ensuring the correct identification of species for consumption.
目前,團隊正在對山柰菖蒲開展深入的藥理活性研究,也從基因組層面解釋其產生獨特氣味的機制和原因,開發新品種、發掘其藥食兩用的潛力。
山柰菖蒲的發現,讓我們看到了科學和生活的緊密相連。
“不說了,逛菜市場去!”




編輯:左卓
實習生:鄒欣婷
來源:中國青年報 期刊《植物綱要》
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