7月19日，溫州醫科大學附屬第一醫院李晟醫生在門診診療中被砍出多處致命傷，搶救無效，不幸去世。“醫鬧”問題再次引發熱議。
01
“醫鬧”怎麼說
1）violence against medical personnels
China Daily：
The Chinese Medical Doctor Association issued a statement on Saturday condemning any form of violence against medical personnels and reaffirming their unwavering commitment to defending the dignity of healthcare workers after a doctor was attacked to death in Wenzhou, Zhejiang province.
中國醫師協會於週六發表宣告，譴責任何形式的針對醫務人員的暴力行為，並重申堅定捍衛醫務人員尊嚴的決心。這一聲明發佈於浙江省溫州市一名醫生遭襲致死事件之後。
personnels [ˌpɜːsəˈnel] 作複數時指 the people who work for an organization or one of the armed forces “全體人員，職員”，如：
sales / technical / medical / security / military, etc. personnels
推銷、技術、醫務、保安、軍事等人員
unwavering 這個詞由字首 "un-"（表示否定）和動詞 "waver"（動搖、猶豫）組成，表示“堅定不移的、毫不動搖的”，可以和 steadfast, firm, unshakeable 等詞替換。
這個詞是《政府工作報告》中的常客，如2019年政工報告中有這麼一句話：
In the protection of property rights we must be firm and unwavering.
保護產權必須堅定不移。
其它搭配還有：unwavering support 堅定支援，unwavering faith 堅定不移的信念。
2）patient-doctor conflict
It is clear, therefore, that the avoidance of patient-doctor conflict is dependent on the extent to which doctors are capable of meeting both the information and psychosocial needs of their patients.
因此很顯然，避免醫患衝突取決於醫生在多大程度上能夠滿足患者的資訊需求和心理社會需求。
3）violent incidents targeted at healthcare personnel and facilities
一篇關於“醫鬧”的英文論文：
This paper attempts to fill this gap and to uncover the policy feedback effect in non-democratic settings by studying the Chinese state's repression of violent incidents targeted at healthcare personnel and facilities (yinao).
本論文試圖填補這一空白，透過研究中國政府對醫護人員和醫療設施暴力事件（醫鬧）的壓制，揭示在比環境中的政策反饋效應。
4）Violence against doctors
《經濟學人》標題：
5）medical disturbance
《經濟學人》：
Every month brings more shocking stories. Chinese even has a word for it: yinao, meaning “medical disturbance”.
每個月都會出現更多令人震驚的故事。中文裡甚至有一個詞專門形容這種現象：醫鬧，意為“醫療糾紛”。
6）medical disputes
《經濟學人》：
In 2016 the National Health and Family Planning Commission acknowledged that it had mediated more than 60,000 disputes.
2016年，國家衛生和計劃生育委員會承認，他們調解了六萬多起糾紛。
mediate 指 to try to end a quarrel between two people, groups, countries etc “調停，調解”，看個例句：
UN officials mediated between the rebel fighters and the government.
聯合國官員在叛軍和政府之間進行了調解。
7）assaults on doctors
China’s doctors have long worried about violence. In 2015 600,000 physicians signed a petition calling for an end to such assaults.
中國醫生長期以來一直擔憂暴力事件。2015年，有60萬名醫生簽署請願書，呼籲終止此類襲擊行為。
8）violent incidents directed against healthcare staff and facilities
Yinao (healthcare disturbance) refers to violent incidents directed against healthcare staff and facilities for financial benefit.
醫鬧，即“醫療糾紛”，是指標對醫護人員和醫療設施的暴力事件，其目的是為了獲取經濟利益。
directed against healthcare staff and facilities 是過去分詞形式的後置定語，修飾 violent incidents，be directed against 指“針對”，相當於 be targeted at/against.
02
傷醫事件產生的原因
1）原因一：醫療亂象削弱了公眾信心
Hospitals, starved of government funds, began charging patients for treatment, and often resorted to overprescribing. Many ordinary people were unable to pay. This has created a “generalised sense of distrust” towards the medical profession.
Medical scandals further undermine confidence. A well-known case in 2018 involved hundreds of thousands of children receiving faulty vaccines after the manufacturer fabricated inspection records.
由於缺乏政府資金，醫院便向患者收取治療費用，經常過度開藥，使許多普通人無力支付。這導致了對醫療行業的普遍不信任感。
醫療醜聞進一步削弱了公眾的信心。在2018年的一起廣為人知的案件中，製造商偽造檢查記錄，導致數十萬兒童接種了問題疫苗。
be starved of 意思是“被剝奪、缺乏”，這個短語的源於“starve（飢餓）”的含義，飢餓在某種意義上就是被剝奪了必需品。
同義替換有：
1）Be deprived of
Hospitals, deprived of government funds, began charging patients for treatment.
2）Lack
Hospitals, lacking government funds, began charging patients for treatment.
3）Be short of
Hospitals, short of government funds, began charging patients for treatment.
4）Be without
Hospitals, without government funds, began charging patients for treatment.
charge 在這裡的意思是“收取費用”，用法是 charge someone for something，表示向某人收取某事物的費用。例如：
The mechanic charged me $200 for the repairs.
修理工向我收取了200美元的維修費。
resort to 是固定搭配，to 是介詞，後面加 doing 或 n.，表示 make use of sth, especially sth bad, as a means of achieving sth, often because there is no other possible solution"訴諸於某種方法/手段、採取某種方法/手段"，比如 resort to violence 訴諸於暴力。
overprescribe = over + prescribe，意思是"過度開藥"。
A well-known case in 2018 involved hundreds of thousands of children receiving faulty vaccines，這件事我們當時寫過公眾號，傳送門：《我們從疫苗事件中可以學到哪些表達》。
receive vaccines 指“接種疫苗”，此外也可以說 get vaccinated、be vaccinated、have a vaccination、get a vaccine、be given a jab 等。
黑心資本破壞了醫療行業的信用，卻讓善良的醫生付出代價。
2）原因二：看病難
一篇關於“醫鬧”的英文論文：
This commentary investigates the factors behind Yinao to achieve a deeper understanding. Causes include a lack of trust in medical staff, fueled by costly medical expenses; difficulties in accessing treatment; poor treatment outcomes.
這篇評論深入探究了醫鬧背後的種種因素。其原因包括高昂的醫療費用引發的對醫務人員的不信任、就醫難以及治療效果不盡如人意。
其他報道：
The shortage of medical resources and uneven medical standards lead to increased dissatisfaction among patients with medical services.
醫療資源的緊缺和醫療水平的不均衡導致患者對醫療服務的不滿情緒增加。
fuel 在這裡是動詞，意思是“激起、助長”，這個意思來源於燃料提供動力的概念，隱喻“推動某事物的發展”或“加劇某種情緒”，可以用 inflame, exacerbate, stoke 等詞替換，看兩個例句：
The economic boom was fueled by easy credit.
寬鬆的信貸政策刺激了經濟繁榮。
Progress was slow, fueling concerns that the stadium would not be finished on time.
進度很慢，加深了人們對體育館能否按時完工的擔憂。
accessing treatment 中的 access 是動詞，表示“獲得、獲取”，相當於 obtain, aquire.
access 也可以作名詞，表示“接觸/獲得某物的機會”，用法為 the access to…，這裡的to是介詞。difficulties in accessing treatment = limited access to treatment.
uneven 由字首 "un-"（表示否定）和形容詞 "even"（平坦的、均衡的）組成，字面意思是指表面不平坦的或不平滑的，引申為“不均衡的、不一致的”。看個例句：
The uneven distribution of resources leads to regional disparities in healthcare.
資源分配不均導致了醫療保健的區域差異。
increased dissatisfaction among patients with medical services 中，increased 是形容詞修飾dissatisfaction，指“愈加不滿”。among patients 表示“在患者中”。with medical services 是 dissatisfaction with 的搭配，表示“對…不滿”。
3）原因三：醫患資訊不對稱
The asymmetry of information and poor communication between patients and doctors can easily cause misunderstandings and distrust.
資訊不對稱，患者和醫生之間的溝通不暢容易引發誤解和不信任。
asymmetry [ˌeɪˈsɪmətri] 指“不對稱”，字首 "a-" 表示“不”“無”，如：
atypical（非典型的）
amoral（無道德的）
anonymous [əˈnɒnɪməs]（匿名的）
詞根 "symmetry" 表示“對稱”，合起來就是“不對稱”。
4）原因四：患者預期過高
Some patients or their families have overly high expectations of the medical process and outcomes, and when results do not meet their expectations, it can lead to emotional outbursts.
一些患者或家屬對醫療過程和結果的期望過高，一旦結果不如預期，容易引發情緒激動的行為。
outburst 指情緒的爆發，這個詞由 "out"（外）和 "burst"（爆發）組成，形象地描繪了情緒突然向外爆發的情景。
03
如何預防醫鬧？
1）政府方面：加強安檢及懲罰措施
In July Beijing’s city government adopted its own guidelines for hospital security, recommending checks at entrances and surveillance cameras inside.
7月，北京市政府實施了醫院安檢制度，建議在入口進行安檢，在醫院內部安裝監控攝像頭。
表示“實施(措施/政策)”，可以用 adopt, implement, put… in place, put… into practice 等詞。
check 此處指「安檢」，每次乘地鐵前都要「過安檢」，英文是 go through security check.
On March 1st, Shanghai became the first city to start a blacklist of people deemed to have engaged in banned behaviour in medical facilities.
在3月1日，上海成為首座釋出醫鬧黑名單的城市。
became the first city to start a blacklist of people：成為第一個啟用 XX 人員黑名單的城市。
deemed to have engaged in banned behaviour 是分詞形式的後置定語，修飾 people，意思是：被認為從事禁止行為的人。
in medical facilities：在醫療場所
合起來：上海成為第一個啟用「被認為在醫療場所從事禁止行為的人」的黑名單的城市。
簡單說就是：上海成為首座釋出醫鬧黑名單的城市。
2）政府方面：增加醫療投入
The government and relevant departments should increase support to ensure the rational allocation and use of medical resources.
政府和相關部門應加大對醫療機構的支援和監管，確保醫療資源的合理配置和使用。
3）社會方面：提高法律意識
Strengthening social awareness and education to increase public legal awareness and respect for healthcare workers is necessary.
加強社會宣傳教育，提高公眾的法律意識和對醫務人員的尊重。
4）醫院方面：加強醫患溝通，提高醫療透明度
Enhancing communication between doctors and patients to establish a harmonious relationship is crucial. Hospitals should set up dedicated communication platforms to promptly address patients' questions and grievances.
加強醫患溝通，建立和諧的醫患關係是關鍵。醫院應設定專門的溝通平臺，及時解決患者的疑問和不滿。
Improving the quality and transparency of medical services to help patients understand the treatment process and expected outcomes can reduce misunderstandings and disputes.
提高醫療服務質量和透明度，讓患者瞭解治療過程和預期效果，降低誤解和糾紛的發生。
關鍵詞
醫療
患者
經濟學人
醫生
中國