Leaders | The Paris discord
經濟學人社論｜巴黎沒有合約
Leaders | The Paris discord
After DeepSeek, America and the EU are getting AI wrong
Europe has a chance to catch up, whereas America should ease up
The attempt at global harmony ended in cacophony. As Emmanuel Macron’s ai summit drew to a close on February 11th J.D. Vance, America’s vice-president, bluntly set out an America-first vision for artificial intelligence (AI), castigated Europe for being too rule-bound and left before the usual group photograph. eu countries, for their part, struck a collaborative tone with China and the global south, while stressing the need to limit the risks of using ai.
AI全球峰會閉幕，和諧願景遭遇現實困境。2月11日，馬克龍發起的人工智慧峰會落下帷幕，美國副總統萬斯直言不諱，提出了美國優先的人工智慧（AI）願景，痛批歐洲監管墨守成規，甚至他在合影環節之前就早早離去。歐盟國家釋放了與中國和全球南方國家合作的訊號，同時也強調必須管控使用AI的風險。
Both Europe and America should rethink their approach. After the work by DeepSeek, China’s hotshot model-maker, Europe has been given an unexpected chance to catch up—if it can cast off its regulatory straitjacket. America can no longer behave as if it has a monopoly on ai. It should change how it wields power over its allies.
歐洲和美國都應反思自己的AI戰略。在炙手可熱的中國公司DeepSeek建立的AI模型橫空出世之際，歐洲迎來了彎道超車的機遇，但前提是要擺脫監管束縛。美國現在難以維繫AI霸權，因此需要改變其對盟友行使權力的方式。
The pace of innovation is astonishing. Barely six months ago AI looked as if it needed a technological breakthrough to become widely affordable. Since then reasoning and efficiency techniques have emerged, enabling DeepSeek to develop models close to the frontier even though it cannot use cutting-edge American chips. And DeepSeek is just exhibit A. Researchers everywhere are racing to make ai more efficient. Those at Stanford and the University of Washington, for instance, have trained models more cheaply still. Once there were concerns that the world did not contain enough data to train advanced systems. Now the use of synthetic data seems to be having good results.
科技創新的速度令人驚歎。僅僅六個月前，AI似乎還需要技術突破才能實現普惠。但自此之後，推理架構與演算法效率不斷升級，DeepSeek搭上了技術的快車，在無法使用最尖端美國晶片的情況下，竟也開發出了媲美頂級水平的前沿模型。而DeepSeek 只是具有代表性的中國國產大規模語言模型之一。全球研究人員都在競相提高AI演算法效率。斯坦福大學和華盛頓大學的研究人員已經以更低的成本訓練出了AI模型。曾經有人擔心，世界上沒有足夠的資料來訓練先進的系統。而如今，合成數據似乎取得了不錯的效果。
For Europe, which looked hopelessly behind in AI, this is a golden opportunity. In contrast to Google’s search engines, where network effects mean that a winner takes all, no law of computing or economics will stop European firms from catching up. Better policy can help close the gap. Mr Macron is rightly encouraging investment in data centres. But just as important is cutting through the red tape that prevents companies from innovating and adopting ai. The EU’s ai Act is fearsomely stringent: a startup offering an ai tutoring service, by one account, must set up risk-management systems, conduct an impact assessment and undergo an inspection, as well as jumping through other hoops.
歐洲似乎已在AI競賽中無翻身可能，但現在擺在這個“絕望輸家”面前的確實是天賜良機。在谷歌搜尋引擎時代，網路效應意味者強者愈強、贏者通吃。但AI時代不同了，再也沒有算力限制或經濟商業規律阻礙歐洲迎頭趕上。完善政策有助於縮小差距。馬克龍非常鼓勵投資建設資料中心。但同樣重要的是要破除阻礙企業創新和應用AI的繁文縟節。歐盟的《人工智慧法案》嚴苛至極。據稱，一家提供AI輔導的初創公司必須建立風險管控系統，進行風險評估並接受檢查，還要經歷其他許多繁雜程式。
註釋：網路效應讓平臺使用者越多價值越高，吸引更多人加入形成滾雪球效應。使用者基數優勢最終擠壓競爭對手，自然形成一家獨大的市場格局。
傳統網際網路時代的「搜尋引擎網路效應」依靠使用者資料積累→演算法最佳化→更多使用者粘性，最終形成資料壟斷的閉環。AI發展不遵循「資料規模決定論」，而是更依賴演算法創新、垂直場景應用和倫理框架構建——這正是歐盟GDPR等數字主權實踐積累的優勢領域。
Another hurdle is privacy rules. Even big tech firms, with their huge compliance teams, now launch their ai products in Europe with a delay. Imagine the costs for startups. German manufacturers sit on a wealth of proprietary data that could feed productivity-enhancing ai tools. But fear of breaching regulations deters them. A wise relaxation of rules, as well as harmonised enforcement, would help Europe exploit AI’s potential.
另一大障礙是隱私規定。即使是擁有龐大合規團隊的大型科技公司如今在歐洲推出人工智慧產品時也會有所遲疑。可想而知初創企業為此付出的成本有多高。德國製造商手握大量專有資料。這些資料本可以餵給AI工具來提升生產效率。但對違規的擔憂讓這些製造商望而卻步。明智的做法是適當放鬆監管規定、保持執行的一致性，這將促進歐洲挖掘AI的潛力。
Uncle Sam needs to wake up, too. China’s advances suggest that America has less monopoly power over AI simply by having a hold over cutting-edge chips. Instead, it needs to attract the world’s best talent, however distasteful that may be to maga Republicans.
美國亦當認清形勢。中國的發展態勢表明，單憑掌控尖端晶片難以獨攬AI領域的主導權。美國亟需廣納天下英才，縱使這般舉措會使共和黨MAGA派頗有微詞。
America should also change how it engages with its allies. In Paris Mr Vance rightly warned against the use of Chinese infrastructure (and the fact that China signed the summit’s declaration on AI governance may explain why America declined to). But America would more successfully discourage the adoption of Chinese AI if it were more willing for its friends to use its technology. In his final days in office Joe Biden proposed strict ai controls that would hinder exports even to partners like India. Revising those would nudge countries to use American tech rather than pushing them into China’s embrace. American AI now faces competition. If it wants to reign supreme, Uncle Sam will have to entice, not threaten.
美國更需調整結盟策略。巴黎人工智慧行動峰會期間，萬斯警告慎用中國的AI基建雖有其考量（中國簽署峰會人工智慧治理宣言一事，或可解釋美方為何拒絕參與），然若美方想讓盟友減少使用中國AI大模型的頻率，就要更大方地分享本國技術。拜登執政末期推出的人工智慧嚴控措施，甚至波及對印度等合作伙伴的技術出口。調整政策導向，可促使各國選用美國技術，而非轉向中國方案。當前美國人工智慧面臨競爭壓力，若欲維持優勢地位，當以利導勢，而非脅迫相逼。
註釋：the summit’s declaration on AI governance：人工智慧行動峰會2月11日在法國首都巴黎閉幕。本次峰會旨在加強國際社會的行動力，探討人工智慧的應用和全球治理問題，包括法國、中國、印度、歐盟在內的多個國家和國際組織共同簽署了《關於發展包容、可持續的人工智慧造福人類與地球的宣告》，倡導加強全球人工智慧協調治理
source: http://world.people.com.cn/n1/2025/0214/c1002-40418256.html
翻譯組：
Lucian，醫學翻譯，靈魂在傑作中冒險
Benjamin，初學翻譯，愛紅酒，愛美食
Humi，在躺平、側臥和睡夢中尋找詩和遠方
審校組：
秋秋，仰臥起坐，都很快樂
Rex，The one who widens your English~
George, the world is my oyster, 仗劍天涯 頂峰相見。
