紐約老鼠成災,她乾脆開發老鼠特色遊,居然還場場爆滿?

紐約,這座從18世紀就開始與老鼠鏖戰的城市,如今竟然把鼠患變成了旅遊資源。
今年四月,前非營利組織從業者蘇珊娜·萊斯曼(Suzanne Reisman)打造了一條以“紐約的垃圾與老鼠”為主題的徒步觀光線路。每人收費40美元,帶領遊客在曼哈頓下城遊覽兩個小時,沿途穿插講解紐約的城市歷史和與老鼠有關的趣聞軼事。
New York City has always been at war with rats, from when they jumped from ship to shore in the 18th century to the city's anti-rat campaign today. 
Thankfully, there has emerged a lone hero who braves Gotham's vermin plague to educate the masses and reduce the fright factor: Suzanne Reisman, leader of the Garbage & Rats in New York walking tour.

蘇珊娜·萊斯曼
“人們對此很感興趣,我最近兩場都賣完了,候補名單都滿了。有次下雨,我不確定大家會不會冒雨在週日晚上前來,結果他們真來了!”萊斯曼自豪地說。
在剛過去的“Jane's Walk”活動(全球性社群徒步活動)上,她的兩個導覽團迅速售罄,就連候補名單也被搶空。
"There has been a lot of interest," Reisman told The Post of the popular, frankly skin-crawling experience, which costs $40 per person.
"I sold out two tours and filled the waitlists during Jane's Walk," she said of a recent excursion coinciding with the annual festival of community-led walking conversations. "I wasn't sure that people would show up for a Sunday night tour in the rain, but they did!"

正在講解的萊斯曼
“老鼠主題”特色導覽
整場導覽持續兩個小時,內容從老鼠的起源一路講到當代城市治理。萊斯曼告訴大家,其實所謂“挪威大鼠”根本不是挪威來的,而是18世紀隨著黑森傭兵的船隻從亞洲漂洋過海來到紐約的。抵達後的第一站,就是城市街頭堆積如山的垃圾。
“它們一下船一看:地上全是腐肉、糞便和殘羹冷炙,簡直跟中了大獎似的,”她笑著說,“這地方簡直就是為老鼠量身定做的。它們簡直樂壞了,然後,就像所有紐約客一樣,它們成了紐約客,一群成功的移民。”
"The rats get off the ship. They take a look around and think, 'Jackpot — we've made it'," Reisman told rapt tour-takers and other revulsed guests. "They are just beyond super happy, and they are as much of a New Yorker, a successful immigrant New Yorker, as any other group."

“挪威大鼠”早在18世紀就已經來到紐約
這趟導覽不止是城市生態課,還夾雜著不少令人“生理不適”的知識點。比如:老鼠一天能交配多達20次,難怪繁殖速度驚人;19世紀的水街上曾有一個地下賭場,有時會舉辦狗與老鼠的搏鬥比賽,供人下注賭博。
Guests learn many scary factoids, like how rats have sex up to 20 times a day — hence why the scourge is so rampant — and visit the former site of Sportsmen's Hall on Water Street, where spectators would bet on ferocious fights of terrier versus rat hosted by Irish gang leader Kit Burns in the 1800s.
導覽的高潮出現在曼哈頓下城的德魯裡廣場DeLury Square)這裡的老鼠多到離譜,且幾乎不怕人,以至於你隔一會兒就能見到一隻灰黑的小東西在地上嗖嗖地竄過去,讓人想到《料理鼠王》中的名場面。

德魯裡廣場的老鼠
為什麼有人願意花錢“看老鼠”?
來自波士頓、這次帶著兩個青少年兒子回紐約探親的遊客Caroline Murray給出了答案:“我想體驗一下我記憶中的那個‘原汁原味的紐約’。”
Murray在紐約出生長大,後來移居了波士頓,這次她帶著十幾歲的兒子回來參觀,不想像普通遊客一樣去時代廣場打個卡什麼的。那麼,還有什麼能比四處亂竄的老鼠更有紐約味呢?
Brave rat tourist Caroline Murray, a current Boston resident and New York native who was back visiting with her teenage sons, told The Post that she wanted to see something that felt "more like the gritty New York" that she loves and not the tourist trap of Times Square.
她說,“我們看到了活老鼠,還看到了被壓扁的鼠餅,甚至還有個男的在排水溝裡嘔吐。總的來說,這是一次非常非常紐約的經歷,我兒子在馬薩諸塞州的郊區可不常見到這種風景。”

萊斯曼認為,民眾對老鼠的興趣,可能很大程度上來自於紐約近年來推行的滅鼠運動。2023年,紐約市專門任命了一位“滅鼠專員”,並投資數百萬美元專門用於滅鼠。同時還開了一個“老鼠學院”,萊斯曼就是從這裡畢業的。
“紐約現在做了更多事情來吸引人們參與其間,”萊斯曼說,“所以我覺得大家對這種話題也更願意聊了,整體氛圍更開放了,市民的關注度也比以前高了。”
除了萊斯曼,另一位因老鼠走紅的是綽號“鼠老爹”的網紅肯尼·博爾維克(Kenny Bollwerk)。他將自己捕鼠的過程拍攝成影片發到TikTok上,目前已經有100多集了,在他的影片裡你能欣賞到各種老鼠,活躍在各種地方。

博爾維克在地鐵拍到的老鼠
博爾維克的導覽路線中,最值得一提的是紐約中央公園內著名的沃爾曼溜冰場Wollman Rink)。那裡的老鼠在垃圾中大快朵頤,背後則是億萬富翁雲集的摩天大樓。
Reisman's not the only tour guide noticing an uptick in interest. Fellow rodent enthusiast Kenny Bollwerk — the self-proclaimed "Rat Daddy", who films his rodent-spotting exploits for his TikTok series "Rat Tok", was forced to add more stops to the tour — most notably an "area next to Wollman Rink (Central Park) where the trash is thrown away, offering sweeping views of the skyline on Billionaires' Row with rats feasting on the buffet below."
沃爾曼溜冰場 圖源:VCG
紐約的鼠患有多嚴重?
萊斯曼介紹說,以前,紐約用的垃圾桶都是金屬製的,但在1968年紐約環衛工人大罷工後,紐約就不再使用金屬垃圾桶,改成了塑膠袋。當時的市政府認為,塑膠袋一不像金屬桶那麼重,減輕了環衛工人的負擔;二能更好地圈住垃圾的氣味,能更少地吸引老鼠。
但相比金屬垃圾桶,塑膠袋顯然更容易撕開或咬開,老鼠吃自助吃得更爽了,繁殖也更快了。
After the 1968 sanitation workers' strike, New York didn't return to using containers for garbage, which spawned countless opportunities for rats to multiply, Reisman explained.
堆積如山的黑色垃圾袋充斥著紐約的人行道,供老鼠享用。 圖源:VCG
事實上,在相當長一段時間裡,紐約的鼠患都十分嚴重,美國《紐約客》雜誌1944年就刊文描寫“紐約市和老鼠之間永恆的鬥爭”。
大多數專家都認為,在紐約,和老鼠的戰爭根本贏不了。用2022年一項研究的話來說:“老鼠問題並沒有一勞永逸的解決方案。我們只能多管齊下——用上高科技垃圾桶(好吧,其實就是帶蓋子的)、投餵避孕藥、清理狗屎……透過這些手段來控制數量。但即便如此,老鼠依然會存在。”
Most experts believe that the war on rats is fundamentally unwinnable. "We've been trying to kill these guys since the Middle Ages." 
To quote a 2022 study, "there is no overarching solution" to the rat problem. "We have to layer on all of our efforts – hi-tech trash cans (OK, just ones with lids), birth control, cleaning up dog poop – to manage the population, and even then we'll still have rats."

在萊斯曼看來,最關鍵的防鼠法則是:“切斷老鼠的食物來源。”
“紐約的問題是,我們把垃圾袋直接扔在街上,老鼠很容易就咬破吃到裡面的東西。如果我們真的能控制好垃圾外露問題,鼠患就會大大減少。”
"We really have to address the fact that our city has a lot of litter," she said. "We throw trash bags on the street that are easy for rats to rip into. But if we really cut down on the access, that would help significantly."

編輯:左卓
見習編輯:裴禧盈
來源:紐約郵報 英國那些事兒 衛報 環球網 極目新聞
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