Male Mosquitoes Sucked Blood Too — Then Went Plant-Based to Survive: Researcher
研究表明, 雄性蚊子也吸血——然後以植物為生
Turns out male mosquitoes were just as blood-thirsty as female ones.
原來，雄蚊曾經和雌蚊一樣嗜血。
原來，雄蚊曾經和雌蚊一樣嗜血。
Today,
only female mosquitoes suck blood from humans and other animals. But
two newly examined male mosquito fossils indicate that this may not have
always been the case, with self-preservation possibly the reason for
males losing their thirst for blood.
如今，只有雌性蚊子才吸人類和其他動物的血。但兩具新發現的雄蚊化石表明，情況可能並非總是如此，自我保護可能是雄蚊失去吸血慾望的原因。
only female mosquitoes suck blood from humans and other animals. But
two newly examined male mosquito fossils indicate that this may not have
always been the case, with self-preservation possibly the reason for
males losing their thirst for blood.
如今，只有雌性蚊子才吸人類和其他動物的血。但兩具新發現的雄蚊化石表明，情況可能並非總是如此，自我保護可能是雄蚊失去吸血慾望的原因。
In a study
published Monday in the journal Current Biology, researchers from
China, Lebanon, France, and the United States say that two fossilized
male mosquitoes also possess piercing mouthparts that only female
mosquitoes possess today.
週一，來自中國、黎巴嫩、法國和美國的研究人員在《當代生物學》雜誌上發表的一項研究報告中說，兩具雄蚊化石也擁有如今只有雌蚊才擁有的穿刺口器。
published Monday in the journal Current Biology, researchers from
China, Lebanon, France, and the United States say that two fossilized
male mosquitoes also possess piercing mouthparts that only female
mosquitoes possess today.
週一，來自中國、黎巴嫩、法國和美國的研究人員在《當代生物學》雜誌上發表的一項研究報告中說，兩具雄蚊化石也擁有如今只有雌蚊才擁有的穿刺口器。
The
fossils, discovered in pieces of amber in Lebanon dating to the Early
Cretaceous period around 130 million years ago, are the oldest known
mosquito fossils and push back the fossil record of mosquitoes by nearly
30 million years.
fossils, discovered in pieces of amber in Lebanon dating to the Early
Cretaceous period around 130 million years ago, are the oldest known
mosquito fossils and push back the fossil record of mosquitoes by nearly
30 million years.
這些化石是在黎巴嫩的琥珀碎片中發現的，可追溯到距今約1.3億年前的早白堊世時期，是已知最古老的蚊子化石，將蚊子化石的記錄向前推了近3000萬年。
The
male mosquitoes both have sharp and elongated triangular mandibles and
laciniae with small teeth — strong evidence that they were
blood-drinkers, said Dany Azar, the study’s lead researcher from the
Nanjing Institute of Geology and Paleontology of the Chinese Academy of
Sciences and Lebanese University.
這項研究的首席研究員、中國科學院南京地質古生物研究所和黎巴嫩大學的達尼·阿扎爾說，雄蚊都有鋒利而修長的三角形下顎和帶有小牙齒的裂口–這是它們是飲血動物的有力證據。
male mosquitoes both have sharp and elongated triangular mandibles and
laciniae with small teeth — strong evidence that they were
blood-drinkers, said Dany Azar, the study’s lead researcher from the
Nanjing Institute of Geology and Paleontology of the Chinese Academy of
Sciences and Lebanese University.
這項研究的首席研究員、中國科學院南京地質古生物研究所和黎巴嫩大學的達尼·阿扎爾說，雄蚊都有鋒利而修長的三角形下顎和帶有小牙齒的裂口–這是它們是飲血動物的有力證據。
“They
function like scissors. The mandibles can make a hole in the skin while
they have these denticles, which will help to cut the skin when
entering,” Azar told Sixth Tone.
"它們的功能就像剪刀。下顎可以在皮膚上開一個洞，而它們有這些小齒，這有助於在進入皮膚時剪開皮膚，"阿扎爾告訴第六聲調。
function like scissors. The mandibles can make a hole in the skin while
they have these denticles, which will help to cut the skin when
entering,” Azar told Sixth Tone.
"它們的功能就像剪刀。下顎可以在皮膚上開一個洞，而它們有這些小齒，這有助於在進入皮膚時剪開皮膚，"阿扎爾告訴第六聲調。
According
to Azar, male mosquitoes’ blood-sucking mouthparts may have degenerated
because of the gradual emergence of angiosperms, or flowering plants,
which can directly provide them with energy and sugar.
根據阿扎爾的說法，雄蚊的吸血口器可能已經退化，因為被子植物（即開花植物）逐漸出現，可以直接為它們提供能量和糖分。
to Azar, male mosquitoes’ blood-sucking mouthparts may have degenerated
because of the gradual emergence of angiosperms, or flowering plants,
which can directly provide them with energy and sugar.
根據阿扎爾的說法，雄蚊的吸血口器可能已經退化，因為被子植物（即開花植物）逐漸出現，可以直接為它們提供能量和糖分。
“It’s
safer for them. They never saw a flower hit them, but all the tetrapods
will act the same way as humans when attacked by mosquitoes — by
hitting them,” said Azar.
"這對它們來說更安全。阿扎爾說："它們從未見過花朵打它們，但所有的四足動物在受到蚊子攻擊時都會採取與人類相同的行動–打它們。
safer for them. They never saw a flower hit them, but all the tetrapods
will act the same way as humans when attacked by mosquitoes — by
hitting them,” said Azar.
"這對它們來說更安全。阿扎爾說："它們從未見過花朵打它們，但所有的四足動物在受到蚊子攻擊時都會採取與人類相同的行動–打它們。
Female
mosquitoes may not have seen their diets switch as they continued to
need blood, which has high amounts of protein and nutrients, to help
develop their ovaries for reproductive purposes, Azar explained.
阿扎爾解釋說，雌蚊可能不會改變它們的飲食習慣，因為它們仍然需要含有大量蛋白質和營養物質的血液來幫助發育卵巢，以達到繁殖目的。
mosquitoes may not have seen their diets switch as they continued to
need blood, which has high amounts of protein and nutrients, to help
develop their ovaries for reproductive purposes, Azar explained.
阿扎爾解釋說，雌蚊可能不會改變它們的飲食習慣，因為它們仍然需要含有大量蛋白質和營養物質的血液來幫助發育卵巢，以達到繁殖目的。
While
the earliest fossil record of mosquitoes dates back to the Cretaceous
Period, the insect may have emerged during the Jurassic Period more than
145 million years ago, the researchers said.
研究人員說，雖然最早的蚊子化石記錄可以追溯到白堊紀，但這種昆蟲可能出現在1.45億年前的侏羅紀。
the earliest fossil record of mosquitoes dates back to the Cretaceous
Period, the insect may have emerged during the Jurassic Period more than
145 million years ago, the researchers said.
研究人員說，雖然最早的蚊子化石記錄可以追溯到白堊紀，但這種昆蟲可能出現在1.45億年前的侏羅紀。
The discovery has sparked discussion
on Chinese social media, with netizens comparing the news with classic
movie “Jurassic Park,” in which scientists used the blood of fossilized
mosquitoes to extract the DNA of dinosaurs in order to clone them.
這一發現在中國社交媒體上引發了討論，網民們將這一訊息與經典電影《侏羅紀公園》相提並論，在《侏羅紀公園》中，科學家利用蚊子化石的血液提取恐龍的DNA，以克隆恐龍。
on Chinese social media, with netizens comparing the news with classic
movie “Jurassic Park,” in which scientists used the blood of fossilized
mosquitoes to extract the DNA of dinosaurs in order to clone them.
這一發現在中國社交媒體上引發了討論，網民們將這一訊息與經典電影《侏羅紀公園》相提並論，在《侏羅紀公園》中，科學家利用蚊子化石的血液提取恐龍的DNA，以克隆恐龍。
Unfortunately
for Chinese dinosaur enthusiasts, Azar dismissed the idea. “We have
wonderful preservation of the mosquitoes’ structures, but not the (DNA).
Normally, if we expose any DNA for some seconds to sunlight or X-ray,
that’s immediately broken.”
for Chinese dinosaur enthusiasts, Azar dismissed the idea. “We have
wonderful preservation of the mosquitoes’ structures, but not the (DNA).
Normally, if we expose any DNA for some seconds to sunlight or X-ray,
that’s immediately broken.”
對於中國的恐龍愛好者來說，不幸的是，阿扎爾否定了這一想法。他說："我們很好地儲存了蚊子的結構，但（DNA）卻沒有。通常情況下，如果我們將任何DNA暴露在陽光或X射線下幾秒鐘，它就會立即壞掉。"
媽媽是模特，父親是工程師，還是賊有錢的那種。可是，馬斯克的童年，在很多時候，卻像噩夢一般。因為性格非常與眾不同，在學校被老師特別對待，甚至被認為智商有問題；還老是被同學欺凌，被揍的爹媽都差點認不出來，關鍵自己的親爹腦回路也是十分奇特，竟然還責怪馬斯克被揍
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課 程 內 容
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