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當地時間9月27日，美國汽車工人聯合會（UAW）對底特律三大汽車製造商的罷工進入第13天。美國14.6萬汽車工人與三大汽車製造商的對峙還沒有破局的跡象，但拜登和特朗普卻都急著亮相站臺了。
當地時間9月26日，拜登趕赴密歇根州底特律罷工現場。在現場糾察線上，拜登拿著擴音器表示，支援工人加薪40%的要求，鼓勵罷工工人“堅持下去”。他還說，自1973年以來，他曾多次以參議員的身份參加UAW的遊行，這次是他第一次以總統身份這樣做。這番表態，讓拜登成為美國曆史上第一位放棄中立、在罷工前線支援罷工的總統。
當地時間9月27日，特朗普也將前往密歇根州罷工現場。他將向500名工人發表講話，講話的地點距離拜登與罷工員工講話的地方只有幾英里。與拜登不同的是，特朗普一直沒有明確表示支援工人加薪40%的要求，相反，他還抨擊了UAW領導層“背叛”了工人。
密歇根州是關鍵的搖擺州。2016年特朗普贏了該州選票，2020年拜登成了贏家。拜登和特朗普急著“亂入”，是因為對於2024年大選密歇根州的風向，心裡都沒底。
↓↓↓ 上下滑動，檢視演講稿 ↓↓↓
Hello, UAW! I marched in a lot of UAW picket lines when I was a senator — since 1973 — but, I tell you what, it’s the first time I’ve ever done it as president.
Folks, look, one thing is real simple — I’m going to be very brief — the fact of the matter is that you guys, the UAW — you saved the automobile industry back in 2008 and before. You made a lot of sacrifices. You gave up a lot. And the companies were in trouble.
But now they’re doing incredibly well. And guess what? You should be doing incredibly well too. It’s a simple proposition.
Folks, stick with it, because you deserve the significant raise you need and other benefits. Let’s get back what we lost, okay?
We saved them; it’s about time for them to step up for us. Thank you.
Now, there is a guy I know you don’t know here, but I brought him along with me anyway. Shawn Fain, your president.
MR. FAIN: All right. Good afternoon, UAW family. I want to thank Local 174, “Home of Walter Reuther.”
Thanks to this local leadership and Director Laura Dickerson. the workers because you’re all the reason we’re here. This is all about the membership.
You know, this site, Willow Run, it holds a historic place in the history of our union and our country. You know, this was part of the Arsenal of Democracy during World War Two. It’s where they built the B-24 Liberator bomber. You know, that — that bomber — they built one of those per hour when they were at their peak. It’s what helped us win the war.
So, today, 80 years later, we find ourselves here again, with the arsenal of democracy. It’s a different kind of arsenal of democracy, and it’s a different kind of war we’re fighting.
Today, the enemy isn’t some foreign country miles away. It’s right here in our own — in our own area. It’s corporate greed.
And the weapon we produce to fight that enemy is the liberators — the true liberators — it’s the working-class people. All of you working — working your butts off on those lines to deliver a great product for our companies.
That’s how we’re going to defeat these people. That’s how we’re going to defeat corporate greed is by standing together.
You know, this is a historic moment — the first time in our country’s history that a sitting USA president has came out and stood on the picket line. Our president has chosen to stand up with workers in our fight for economic and social justice.
So, it’s a historic day at a historic moment in time. You know — and just as today, you know, it’s about the autoworkers, who are part of the fabric of the working class of this country. We’re the people that make the world run. It’s not the billionaire class, not the elite few. It’s the working class of the billions of people who have been left behind. That’s what this battle is about — changing that.
You know, what’s going to move this — it’s not some executive that owns our future, it’s us. It’s working-class people from all walks of life.
You know, it’s what we decide to do together that’s going to change and it’s going to shape the future of this Earth and for future generations. And that’s the economic reality that corporate executives don’t want us to recognize.
I see these CEOs try to justify a system where they take all the profit and the workers are left to fight for the scraps and live paycheck to paycheck. That’s got to end.
They say they deserve all the profit because they say they’re different. You know what? They are different. They have different degrees. They have different responsibilities. They have different titles, different positions.
You know what? I agree, though. They’re different. We — let’s talk about some of that.
These CEOs sit in their offices, they sit in meetings, and they make decisions. But we make the product.
They think they own the world, but we make it run.
The CEOs think the future belongs to them. Today belongs to the autoworkers and the working class.
And the difference between them and us is, just as our theme song, “Solidarity Forever,” says, “Without our brain and muscle, not a single wheel would turn.”
That’s what’s different about working-class people. Whether we’re building cars or trucks or running parts distribution centers; whether we’re writing movies or performing TV shows; whether we’re making coffee at Starbucks; whether it’s nursing people back to health; whether it’s educating students, from preschool to college — we do the heavy lifting. We do the real work. Not the CEOs, not the executives.
And though we don’t know it, that’s what power is. We have the power. The world is of our making. The economy is of our making. This industry is of our making.
And as we’ve shown: When we withhold our labor, we can unmake it.
And as we’re going to continue to show: When we win this fight with the Big Three, we’re going to remake it.
In this union, the members are the highest authority.
In this country, the people are the highest authority.
And so, today, I just want to take a moment to stand with all of you, with our President and say thank you to the President. Thank you, Mr. President, for coming. Thank you for coming to stand up with us in our generation’s defining moment.
And we know the President will do right by the working class. And when we do right by the working class, you can leave the rest to us, because we’re going to take care of this business.
So, thank you for coming out. Thank you for being a part of this fight. And let’s get back to winning solidarity for all of our members and economic and social justice for all of our members.
THE PRESIDENT: You’ve heard me say it many times. Wall Street didn’t build the country. The middle class built the country, and unions built the middle class. And that’s a fact. So, let’s keep going.
You deserve what you’ve earned, and you’ve earned a hell of a lot more than you’re getting paid now.
Thank you very much.
Q Mr. President — Mr. President, should the UAW get a 40 percent increase?
PARTICIPANTS: Yes!
THE PRESIDENT: Yes, I think they should be able to bargain for that.
↓↓↓ 上下滑動，檢視摘要稿 ↓↓↓
Former President Donald Trump called for a “revival” of the economic nationalism that fueled his successful 2016 campaign in a visit here Wednesday aimed at distracting from the second Republican presidential primary debate.
Trump’s speech at a nonunion auto parts company was also geared toward blue-collar workers in the midst of a United Auto Workers strike. President Joe Biden made history Tuesday by joining a picket line outside Detroit, becoming the first sitting president to do so.
Addressing an audience of more than 300 that included only a few of the striking workers, Trump ascribed the auto industry’s problems to foreign trade deals he has long railed against — pacts that Biden and even many Republicans have supported in the past. Trump also frequently complained that Biden and Democrats were pushing electric vehicles to please environmental activists at the expense of an industry still heavily centered on gas-powered cars.
“Joe Biden claims to be the most pro-union president in history,” said Trump, who toured one of the company’s factories before he began his remarks. “His entire career has been an act of economic treason and union destruction.”
He added a direct appeal to UAW officials.
“Hopefully,” he said, “your leaders at the United Auto Workers will endorse Donald Trump.”
The crowd cheered loudly.
Trump’s appearance in this suburb north of Detroit is packed with meaning for a presidential campaign that could very well be a rematch of his 2020 race with Biden.
By avoiding another debate with the GOP candidates looking to snatch the nomination from him, the front-running Trump is signaling he is more focused on a general election battle against Biden. Michigan is part of the swath of industrial and Midwest states that swung to Trump in 2016 and to Biden four years later. And, on a night his rivals tangled at former President Ronald Reagan’s namesake library, Trump was smack dab in Macomb County, legendary in the 1980s for its concentration of fed up blue-collar workers known as “Reagan Democrats.”
Trump won Macomb County in 2016 and 2020, but Biden narrowed the margin a bit, losing by fewer than 40,000 votes. Hillary Clinton lost to Trump by about 48,000 votes four years earlier. The area is a major hub of auto industry activity, from car makers and parts suppliers to dealers.
The audience Wednesday was a mix of workers from the host company, Drake Enterprises, and UAW members and area politicians. Many in the crowd waved “Union Members for Trump” signs printed in the University of Michigan’s blue and gold colors. The audience also included Trump fans with no deeply vested interest in the strike who were there more for Trump than for the autoworkers. J.R. Majewski, a Trump-backing Republican who last year lost a congressional race in Toledo, Ohio, made the 80-mile trip.
Paul Sheridan, who came from nearby Bloomfield Hills to see Trump again, said: “I mean, I’ve seen him speak in person, two or three times.And he’s always very good. And he speaks the truth. He’s funny. And so it’s always great to see him in person.”
But hardly any striking workers were on hand.
“There are a few strikers here, yes,” said Brian Pannebecker, a former local autoworker who organizes an Auto Workers for Trump Facebook page and helped shore up attendees for the event. “I don’t know where they’re at. But there are several — a handful.”
One of the striking UAW members on hand, Scott Malefant, concurred.
“I haven’t seen anybody yet,” Malefant, wearing a Make America Great Again hat, said as he waited for Trump to arrive. “I’m sure there might be a few.”
The event came off like a Trump rally in miniature, far smaller than the arena blowouts he was known for in his first two campaigns but with the same festive atmosphere — a food truck, the usual campaign playlist blaring over the speakers. Trump frequently went off on tangents unrelated to the labor dispute, delighting fans who cheered for him wildly and booed at mentions of Biden’s name.
When he hit on the strike and the auto industry, Trump talked up the “America First” themes familiar to his previous runs. And while he said he has nothing against electric vehicles, he repeatedly asserted that Biden’s push to make more of them would hamstring the U.S. industry.
“The things that you make in Michigan, they don’t need any of it,” Trump said of electric car manufacturers.
Trump also held himself up as a more reliable champion for autoworkers and the industry at large, at times sounding like the president who in 2017 told supporters in Youngstown, Ohio, not to sell their homes, because manufacturing was coming back on his watch. Two years later, General Motors closed a plant in nearby Lordstown. Plants have also closed in Warren, Michigan, and Baltimore. The number of auto manufacturing jobs held relatively even during Trump’s administration, adding about 35,000 jobs from January 2017 to February 2020, according to the Bureau of Labor Statistics.
“It’s obvious why Donald Trump is not at the Reagan Library tonight — he’s leading the Republican primary field by 40 points,” said Rich Luchette, a Democratic strategist. “But from a general election standpoint, Trump’s speech at a nonunion shop is a mistake. It will no doubt remind voters of Trump’s abysmal record on labor issues. Trump packed the National Labor Relations Board with anti-union appointees. Trump failed to bring back auto manufacturing jobs.”
Large throngs of Trump supporters and protesters marched near Drake before Trump arrived, waving signs and chanting. American Bridge 21st Century, a progressive super PAC, paid for a plane to circle the area with a banner reading “TRUMP SOLD US OUT.”
Biden’s re-election campaign, meanwhile, promoted a new cable TV and digital ad Wednesday aimed at Michigan voters, specifically in Detroit, Grand Rapids and Lansing.
“He says he stands with autoworkers,” a narrator says of Trump. “But as president, Donald Trump passed tax breaks for his rich friends, while automakers shuttered their plants and Michigan lost manufacturing jobs.”
Biden, the ad asserts, “doesn’t just talk; he delivers.”
Several Trump backers in the crowd Wednesday acknowledged that Biden’s visit to the picket line Tuesday was a smart move.
“I’m not a big fan of him,” Malefant said. “But, you know, any support we can get, we’ll take it.”
Asked whether Trump should have joined a picket line, Malefant countered that he “wouldn’t want to see the guy get booed or anything.”
“I think there’s always going to be a warmer welcome for Democrats when it comes to the unions,” Malefant added. “I mean, a lot of people would boo Biden, but it’s not a popular thing with unions, so we kind of keep our mouths shut.”
Pannebecker, the organizer of the Facebook group, said Biden should not take sides in the dispute.
“I don’t think the president of the United States should be sticking his nose into contract negotiations between businesses, companies and workers,” he said. “President Trump’s here today to talk about what he accomplished during his first term and what he hopes to accomplish during his second term.”
拜登可不想失去汽車工人選票
傳統上，美國汽車工人聯合會是親民主黨的。但到目前為止，這個勢力龐大的工會組織尚未對拜登競選連任表示支援。該組織曾更傾向於支援民主黨進步派的桑德斯。
這主要是因為拜登的新能源汽車發展政策衝擊了美國傳統汽車行業。
拜登政府上臺以來，推出了一系列新能源汽車發展計劃。在2021年4月推出的2萬億美元基礎建設計劃方案中，有1740億美元投向了電動汽車領域，包括到2030年建設50萬座充電站、在消費端給予購車補貼、政府採購方面推動校車、公交車電動化等等。2021年8月，拜登又簽署了一份行政命令，提出到2030年零排放汽車佔到美國乘用車和輕卡新車銷量的50%。
拜登的新能源汽車政策，得到了底特律三大汽車製造商通用、福特和由菲亞特克萊斯勒和標緻雪鐵龍合併組建的斯特蘭蒂斯集團的鼎力支援。
通用計劃到2025年前投資350億美元，在全球範圍內推出30款純電動車型。福特計劃到2025年將其在電動化領域的投資提升至300億美元。斯特蘭蒂斯集團也計劃到2025年投資300億歐元用於電動化和軟體開發。
在新能源汽車發展上，拜登與三大汽車製造商走到了一起，而這很可能讓拜登失去傳統汽車業工人的支援。
所以難怪拜登站到罷工前線，喊出支援工人加薪40%的口號。這是為了修復與傳統汽車業工人的關係。至於大幅加薪會讓三大汽車製造商增加多大成本，那不是拜登關心的問題。
特朗普要維持“鐵鏽地帶”人氣
拜登拉選票的姿態如此奔放，特朗普勢必要反擊。
從美國東北部到中西部的老工業區，過去美國傳統工業的中心地帶現在成了“鐵鏽地帶”（指工業衰退的地區）。2016年，特朗普就是靠“鐵鏽地帶”的選票贏得了大選。而密歇根州又是“鐵鏽地帶”的中心。美國汽車工人聯合會身後有大量選票。
美國汽車工人聯合會雖然沒有表態支援拜登，但對特朗普更不感冒。
罷工開始時，美國汽車工人聯合會主席肖恩·費恩就曾戳過特朗普。他說：“我們不能繼續選舉億萬富翁和百萬富翁，他們根本不瞭解靠工資過活是什麼感覺”，“工會的每一分力量都會投入到反對犧牲工人利益，讓唐納德·特朗普等人致富的經濟中。”
不過，雖然特朗普得不到美國汽車工人聯合會的支援，但他也有牌可打。最新民調顯示，目前特朗普在密歇根州的支援率為51%，領先拜登近10個百分點。民調還顯示，對於處理經濟問題的表現，密歇根州選民對共和黨的滿意程度為49%，對民主黨的滿意度僅為28%。這是數十年來共和黨最大的領先優勢。
所以，特朗普只要能復刻2016年大選時的煽動力，就有可能讓拜登罕見的支援罷工之舉失去效果。
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