英語作文中的情態動詞,有哪些新穎的替換?

前段時間有同學留言,希望講一講情態動詞的高階替換。
以下內容,大部分來自作文批改班裡的素材:
01
stand to
看一位學員寫的一篇關於“遠端學習”的雅思作文,題目要求是:
Many people join distance-learning programmes (study materials, posts, TV, Internet) and study at home, but some people think that it cannot bring the same benefit as attending colleges or universities does.
How far do you agree or disagree?
Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant examples from your own knowledge or experience.
許多人參加遠端學習專案(如學習資料、郵件、電視、網際網路等)並在家中學習,但也有人認為,這種方式無法帶來與親自就讀大學或學院相同的好處。
對於這一觀點,您有多大程度的認同或反對?
請給出您的理由,並結合您自己的知識或經驗,提供相關的例子。
在分析遠端學習的弊端時,一位學員是這樣寫的:
Furthermore, a college student will reap the benefits of individualized face-to-face tutoring and have more opportunities to practice, while students enrolled in an online program are likely to have no chance to apply theory to practice.
此外,大學生將受益於個性化的面對面輔導,並有更多的實踐機會,而參加線上課程的學生則可能缺乏將理論應用於實踐的機會。
修改後如下:
Furthermore, college students stand to gain from individualized in-person tutoring and are presented with abundant opportunities for hands-on experience, a privilege often unavailable to students in online programs.
看幾處改動:
will reap the benefits of改為stand to gain from,will是一個情態動詞,此處表示一種推測。表示推測時,我們也可以用stand to替換,後者相當於be likely to do,意思是“可能做某事”。例如:
You stand to make a lot from this deal. 

你很可能會從這筆生意中大賺一筆。
再看一個《經濟學人》關於電動汽車文章裡的句子:
The world’s drivers stand to gain from cheaper and greener cars.

全球司機將從更便宜、更環保的汽車中受益。
原句“individualized face-to-face tutoring”指“個性化的面對面學習”,修改為“individualized in-person tutoring”,用“in-person”替代了“face-to-face”,這兩個短語在語義上非常接近,但in-person更加正式,更加簡潔。
原句“have more opportunities to practice”修改為“are presented with abundant opportunities for hands-on experience”.

修改後的句子結構更加正式,更有表現力。
其中,be presented with比have更加正式,更加學術;abundant強調了機會的豐富性,替換簡單詞more;hands-on experience比practice更具體。
原句“while students enrolled in an online program are likely to have no chance to apply theory to practice”直接改為“a privilege often unavailable to students in online programs”,其中a privilege是individualized in-person tutoring和abundant opportunities for hands-on experience的同位語,指個性化面對面輔導和豐富的實踐機會是一種福利。
什麼福利?privilege後面透過形容詞形式的後置定語進行補充:unavailable to students in online programs參加網路學習專案的學生無法獲得的福利。
修改後,將原來的句子結構化解為“名詞+後置定語修飾”的結構,使句子更加凝練、句式更加清爽。
02
be posed to do
再看一篇關於“機器人”的雅思作文,題目要求是:
Some people think that robots are very important for humans’ future development. Others, however, think that robots are dangerous inventions that could have negative effects on society.
Discuss both views and give your opinion.
有些人認為,機器人對人類未來的發展至關重要。然而,也有人認為,機器人是一種危險的發明,可能對社會產生負面影響。
請探討這兩種觀點,並給出自己的看法。
在段末進行總結時,一位學員是這麼寫的:
In conclusion, like any revolutionary technology, robots would give rise to drastic changes.
總之,像任何革命性技術一樣,機器人將帶來深刻的變革。
修改如下:
In conclusion, akin to any revolutionary technology, robots are poised to give rise to profound changes.
看幾處改動:
like 是一個口語化詞彙,常見於口語中,但在寫作中可能不夠正式。可改為be akin to,表示“類似於、與…相似”,更加正式,常用於寫作或學術報告中,《飄》中也出現過這個表達:
She peered quickly at Frank and, when she saw who it was, her face changed — pleasure, bewilderment and something akin to guilt spreading over it.
她迅速掃了一眼弗蘭克,看到是誰後,臉上的表情隨即變化——愉悅、困惑以及某種近乎愧疚的情感在她臉上蔓延開來。
would give rise to改為了are poised to give rise to,would表示一種假設和推測,因為前面已經對該觀點進行了論證,所以這裡語氣可以確定一點,改為are poised to give rise to。
be poised to do相當於be ready to do,表示“準備好做某事,將要做某事”,確定性更強,強調一種即將發生、具備條件的狀態,可以替換will。
米歇爾·奧巴馬的《Becoming》一書中出現過這個詞:
If you believed the polls, it appeared that Barack was poised to win, but I also knew he’d been working on two possible speeches for the night ahead.
如果只看民意測驗,貝拉克明顯勝券在握。但我知道他為那晚準備了兩篇講稿。
03
have the potential to do
再看一篇關於“明星高薪是否公平”的雅思作文,作文要求是:
Celebrities such as actors and sports personalities earn a lot more than other professionals. Some people believe that this is unfair while others think that celebrities deserve to be paid more. Discuss both points of view and give your own opinion on the subject.
像演員和體育明星這樣的名人,往往賺得比其他專業人士多。有些人認為這是不公平的,而另一些人則認為名人應當獲得更高的報酬。請探討這兩種觀點,並發表個人看法。
在表達自己觀點時,一位學員是這樣寫的:
In my opinion, stars’ high income is unfair and may cause chaos in the society.
在我看來,明星的高收入是不公平的,且可能引發社會的混亂。
修改如下:
In my opinion, stars’ exorbitant income is unfair and has the potential to sow discord and disorder in society.
寫作中,may/would 等情態動詞可以用 have the potential to 替換,並不是說它們含義相同,只是說在特定語境下,它們表達的含義有共同之處,比如在本文語境中,may 和 have the potential to 都表示一種可能性。
sow 是一個動詞,原本指的是“播種”,這裡sow 形容“播種”負面的影響或情緒,類似“引發、導致”的含義,看個例子:
an attempt to sow doubt among the jury members
讓陪審團成員產生懷疑的企圖
04
promise to do
2017年考研英語一的Text 2中有這麼一句話:
Protests have erupted over construction of the Thirty Meter Telescope (TMT), a giant observatory that promises to revolutionize humanity's view of the cosmos.
當地爆發了抗議活動,反對建造“30米望遠鏡(TMT)”——這是一個巨大的巨型天文臺,有可能會重新整理人們對宇宙的認知。 
promise在這裡不是“許諾”,而是“有望、有可能”,表示一種推測的語氣,寫作中可以替換may, can, would等。看個例句:
While it will be fun, the seminar also promises to be most instructive.
這次的研討會不僅會有趣,而且有可能會頗具啟發意義。
總結:
英語作文中,can / may / would / will 等情態動詞,可以考慮用 stand to, be poised to, have the potential to, promise to 等替換,但替換時要考慮語境是否恰當,不能無腦替換。

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