Linux系統磁碟擴容

在控制檯新增完磁碟後，

新增分割槽

重新啟動系統後，執行以下操作

磁碟分割槽


[root@oracle ~]
# fdisk /dev/sda
Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.23.2).
Changes will remain 
in
 memory only, until you decide to write them.

Be careful before using the write 
command
.

Command (m 
forhelp
): m

Command action

   a   toggle a bootable flag

   b   edit bsd disklabel

   c   toggle the dos compatibility flag

   d   delete a partition

   g   create a new empty GPT partition table

   G   create an IRIX (SGI) partition table

   l   list known partition types

   m   
print
 this menu

   n   add a new partition

   o   create a new empty DOS partition table

   p   
print
 the partition table

   q   quit without saving changes

   s   create a new empty Sun disklabel

   t   change a partition

's system id

   u   change display/entry units

   v   verify the partition table

   w   write table to disk and exit

   x   extra functionality (experts only)
Command (m for help): n

Partition type:

   p   primary (3 primary, 0 extended, 1 free)

   e   extended

Select (default e): p

Selected partition 4

First sector (41943040-83886079, default 41943040):

Using default value 41943040

Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (41943040-83886079, default 83886079):

Using default value 83886079

Partition 4 of type Linux and of size 20 GiB is set
Command (m for help): w

The partition table has been altered!
Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
WARNING: Re-reading the partition table failed with error 16: Device or resource busy.

The kernel still uses the old table. The new table will be used at

the next reboot or after you run partprobe(8) or kpartx(8)

Syncing disks.

檢視新的磁碟分割槽型別


[root@oracle ~]
# fdisk -l
Disk /dev/sda: 42.9 GB, 42949672960 bytes, 83886080 sectors

Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes

Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

Disk label 
type
: dos

Disk identifier: 0x000a9a6f
   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System

/dev/sda1            2048        6143        2048   83  Linux

/dev/sda2   *        6144     2103295     1048576   83  Linux

/dev/sda3         2103296    41943039    19919872   8e  Linux LVM

/dev/sda4        41943040    83886079    20971520   83  Linux
Disk /dev/mapper/centos-root: 19.3 GB, 19323158528 bytes, 37740544 sectors

Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes

Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

Disk /dev/mapper/centos-swap: 1073 MB, 1073741824 bytes, 2097152 sectors

Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes

Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

修改磁碟分割槽型別

透過fdisk -l 檢視到/dev/sdb3的分割槽Id為8e,所以，/dev/vdb4的id也修改與其一致。


[root@oracle ~]
# fdisk /dev/sda
Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.23.2).
Changes will remain 
in
 memory only, until you decide to write them.

Be careful before using the write 
command
.
Command (m 
forhelp
): t

Partition number (1-4, default 4):

Hex code (
type
 L to list all codes): L
 0  Empty           24  NEC DOS         81  Minix / old Lin bf  Solaris

 1  FAT12           27  Hidden NTFS Win 82  Linux swap / So c1  DRDOS/sec (FAT-

 2  XENIX root      39  Plan 9          83  Linux           c4  DRDOS/sec (FAT-

 3  XENIX usr       3c  PartitionMagic  84  OS/2 hidden C:  c6  DRDOS/sec (FAT-

 4  FAT16 <32M      40  Venix 80286     85  Linux extended  c7  Syrinx

 5  Extended        41  PPC PReP Boot   86  NTFS volume 
set
 da  Non-FS data

 6  FAT16           42  SFS             87  NTFS volume 
set
 db  CP/M / CTOS / .

 7  HPFS/NTFS/exFAT 4d  QNX4.x          88  Linux plaintext de  Dell Utility

 8  AIX             4e  QNX4.x 2nd part 8e  Linux LVM       
df
  BootIt

 9  AIX bootable    4f  QNX4.x 3rd part 93  Amoeba          e1  DOS access

 a  OS/2 Boot Manag 50  OnTrack DM      94  Amoeba BBT      e3  DOS R/O

 b  W95 FAT32       51  OnTrack DM6 Aux 9f  BSD/OS          e4  SpeedStor

 c  W95 FAT32 (LBA) 52  CP/M            a0  IBM Thinkpad hi eb  BeOS fs

 e  W95 FAT16 (LBA) 53  OnTrack DM6 Aux a5  FreeBSD         ee  GPT

 f  W95 Ext

'd (LBA) 54  OnTrackDM6      a6  OpenBSD         ef  EFI (FAT-12/16/

10  OPUS            55  EZ-Drive        a7  NeXTSTEP        f0  Linux/PA-RISC b

11  Hidden FAT12    56  Golden Bow      a8  Darwin UFS      f1  SpeedStor

12  Compaq diagnost 5c  Priam Edisk     a9  NetBSD          f4  SpeedStor

14  Hidden FAT16 <3 61  SpeedStor       ab  Darwin boot     f2  DOS secondary

16  Hidden FAT16    63  GNU HURD or Sys af  HFS / HFS+      fb  VMware VMFS

17  Hidden HPFS/NTF 64  Novell Netware  b7  BSDI fs         fc  VMware VMKCORE

18  AST SmartSleep  65  Novell Netware  b8  BSDI swap       fd  Linux raid auto

1b  Hidden W95 FAT3 70  DiskSecure Mult bb  Boot Wizard hid fe  LANstep

1c  Hidden W95 FAT3 75  PC/IX           be  Solaris boot    ff  BBT

1e  Hidden W95 FAT1 80  Old Minix

Hex code (type L to list all codes): 8e

Changed type of partition '

Linux
' to '
Linux LVM

'
Command (m for help): w

The partition table has been altered!
Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
WARNING: Re-reading the partition table failed with error 16: Device or resource busy.

The kernel still uses the old table. The new table will be used at

the next reboot or after you run partprobe(8) or kpartx(8)

Syncing disks.

檢視修改後分割槽型別


[root@oracle ~]
# fdisk -l
Disk /dev/sda: 42.9 GB, 42949672960 bytes, 83886080 sectors

Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes

Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

Disk label 
type
: dos

Disk identifier: 0x000a9a6f
   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System

/dev/sda1            2048        6143        2048   83  Linux

/dev/sda2   *        6144     2103295     1048576   83  Linux

/dev/sda3         2103296    41943039    19919872   8e  Linux LVM

/dev/sda4        41943040    83886079    20971520   8e  Linux LVM
Disk /dev/mapper/centos-root: 19.3 GB, 19323158528 bytes, 37740544 sectors

Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes

Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

Disk /dev/mapper/centos-swap: 1073 MB, 1073741824 bytes, 2097152 sectors

Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes

Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

磁碟擴容

重啟系統後，開始擴充分割槽

檢視磁碟分割槽卷組


[root@oracle ~]
# lvs
  LV   VG     Attr       LSize   Pool Origin Data%  Meta%  Move Log Cpy%Sync Convert

  root centos -wi-ao---- <18.00g

  swap centos -wi-ao----   1.00g

[root@oracle ~]
# vgdisplay
  --- Volume group ---

  VG Name               centos

  System ID

  Format                lvm2

  Metadata Areas        1

  Metadata Sequence No  3

  VG Access             
read
/write

  VG Status             resizable

  MAX LV                0

  Cur LV                2

  Open LV               2

  Max PV                0

  Cur PV                1

  Act PV                1

  VG Size               <19.00 GiB

  PE Size               4.00 MiB

  Total PE              4863

  Alloc PE / Size       4863 / <19.00 GiB

  Free  PE / Size       0 / 0

  VG UUID               gp2KXC-VUTG-0C01-aAed-31UC-HkVO-qi3gus
[root@oracle ~]

#

擴充套件邏輯卷

建立物理卷


[root@oracle ~]
# pvcreate  /dev/sda4
  Physical volume 
"/dev/sda4"
 successfully created.

如果出現 “Device /dev/sda4 not found."
可以使用 partprobe 命令使系統獲知新的分割槽表的情況


[root@oracle ~]
# partprobe
Warning: 無法以讀寫方式開啟 /dev/sr0 (只讀檔案系統)。/dev/sr0 已按照只讀方式開啟。

[root@oracle ~]
# pvcreate /dev/sda4
Physical volume 
"/dev/sda4"
 successfully created.

擴充卷組


[root@oracle ~]
# vgextend centos /dev/sda4
  Volume group 
"centos"
 successfully extended
 [root@oracle ~]
# vgdisplay
  --- Volume group ---

  VG Name               centos

  System ID

  Format                lvm2

  Metadata Areas        2

  Metadata Sequence No  4

  VG Access             
read
/write

  VG Status             resizable

  MAX LV                0

  Cur LV                2

  Open LV               2

  Max PV                0

  Cur PV                2

  Act PV                2

  VG Size               38.99 GiB

  PE Size               4.00 MiB

  Total PE              9982

  Alloc PE / Size       4863 / <19.00 GiB

  Free  PE / Size       5119 / <20.00 GiB

  VG UUID               gp2KXC-VUTG-0C01-aAed-31UC-HkVO-qi3gus

擴充邏輯卷


[root@oracle ~]
# lvextend -l +100%FREE /dev/centos/root /dev/sda4
  Size of logical volume centos/root changed from <18.00 GiB (4607 extents) to <36.50 GiB (9343 extents).

  Logical volume centos/root successfully resized.

修改檔案系統大小

檢視檔案系統型別


[root@oracle ~]
# df -Th
Filesystem              Type      Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on

/dev/mapper/centos-root xfs        37G   14G   24G  37% /

devtmpfs                devtmpfs  898M     0  898M   0% /dev

tmpfs                   tmpfs     910M     0  910M   0% /dev/shm

tmpfs                   tmpfs     910M  9.6M  901M   2% /run

tmpfs                   tmpfs     910M     0  910M   0% /sys/fs/cgroup

/dev/sda2               xfs      1014M  148M  867M  15% /boot

tmpfs                   tmpfs     182M     0  182M   0% /run/user/0

修改檔案系統大小


[root@oracle ~]
# xfs_growfs /dev/mapper/centos-root
meta-data=/dev/mapper/centos-root isize=512    agcount=4, agsize=1179392 blks

         =                       sectsz=512   attr=2, projid32bit=1

         =                       crc=1        finobt=0 spinodes=0

data     =                       bsize=4096   blocks=4717568, imaxpct=25

         =                       sunit=0      swidth=0 blks

naming   =version 2              bsize=4096   ascii-ci=0 ftype=1
log
      =internal               bsize=4096   blocks=2560, version=2

         =                       sectsz=512   sunit=0 blks, lazy-count=1

realtime =none                   extsz=4096   blocks=0, rtextents=0

data blocks changed from 4717568 to 9567232