最近，國家統計局釋出訊息稱，準備開展全國人口與家庭發展狀況的抽樣調查，旨在搞清楚年輕人“不想生、不敢生”的原因。
看來自路透社的報道：
China's National Health Commission (NHC) is surveying 30,000 people to understand factors influencing their attitudes towards childbearing and the "fear surrounding having children", as authorities struggle to boost a flagging birthrate.
The survey will include people from 150 counties in China and 1,500 different communities, the state-backed Global Times said late on Thursday, citing the China Population and Development Research Center, which falls under the NHC.
Beijing is trying to encourage young couples to have children after China posted a second consecutive year of population decline in 2023.
The survey aims to analyse "reluctance and fear surrounding having children" and ultimately provide fertility support and incentive measures, the newspaper said.
The last time a countrywide family and fertility survey was carried out was in 2021. It comes after China's National Bureau of Statistics said it will conduct a nationwide sample survey from Oct. 10-Nov. 30 to monitor population changes.
Population development has often been linked to a strong and rejuvenated China in state media.
Chinese health officials said in September they would focus more efforts on advocating marriage and childbirth at "appropriate ages" and called for shared parenting responsibilities to guide young people towards "positive perspectives on marriage, childbirth and family".
再來看解析：
1
China's National Health Commission (NHC) is surveying 30,000 people to understand factors influencing their attitudes towards childbearing and the "fear surrounding having children", as authorities struggle to boost a flagging birthrate.
中國國家衛健委正在對3萬人進行調查，旨在瞭解影響人們生育態度及“生育恐懼”的因素，以應對日益下滑的出生率。
這句話的主幹是：China's National Health Commission (NHC) is surveying 30,000 people to understand factors 中國國家衛健委正在對3萬人進行調查，旨在瞭解因素。
什麼因素？factors 後面透過V-ing形式的後置定語，進行補充：influencing their attitudes towards childbearing and the "fear surrounding having children" 影響人們生育態度及“對生育的恐懼”的因素。
其中their attitudes towards childbearing和the "fear surrounding having children"是並列的關係，作influencing的賓語。
flagging在這裡的意思是“減弱的、衰退的”，這個詞源於“flag”，意指“標誌”或“訊號”，作動詞時引申為某種狀態或強度減弱，相當於declining, weakening, dropping等，英國美食作家伏霞的《魚翅與花椒》一書中兩次出現了這個用法
Lei Feng is not alone as a communist role model: in the nineties the party sought to revive flagging public morals with a campaign based on the heroism of another young soldier named Xu Honggang, who was reportedly stabbed in the stomach by thieves while defending a woman bus passenger.
雷鋒不是唯一的共產主義榜樣：二十世紀九十年代，共產黨想要重振有些頹靡的社會道德風氣，於是發起了學習另一個年輕士兵的活動。這位榜樣叫做徐洪剛，據報道，他乘坐公共汽車時遇到歹徒勒索欺侮一個婦女，於是見義勇為、挺身而出保護這名乘客，結果被歹徒拿匕首刺傷。
My private Chinese teacher at Sichuan University used to give me candied fruits or walnuts to ‘build my brain’ if she felt that my spirits were flagging.
我那個四川大學的私人中文老師要是覺得我精神萎靡不振，就會給我個蜜餞或者核桃說“補補腦”。
2
The survey will include people from 150 counties in China and 1,500 different communities, the state-backed Global Times said late on Thursday, citing the China Population and Development Research Center, which falls under the NHC.
《環球時報》週四報道，此次調查覆蓋中國150個縣和1500個社群，並援引了中國人口與發展研究中心（隸屬於委健委）提供的資料。
state-backed意思是“國家支援的、國有的”，也可以說officially-funded, government-supported, state-owned，反義詞是private或privately owned.
cite 是“提及”的意思，後面可以加 reason 或 example，比如：
He cited his heavy workload as the reason for his breakdown.
他提到繁重的工作負荷是導致他累垮的原因。
fall under在這裡的意思是“隸屬於”，相近的說法還有：be a subsidiary of、be a branch of、be part of、be affiliated with、be under the jurisdiction of，例如：
British Asia Airways is a subsidiary of British Airways.
英國亞洲航空公司是英國航空公司的子公司。
The research team is affiliated with a prestigious university.
該研究團隊隸屬於一所知名大學。
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Beijing is trying to encourage young couples to have children after China posted a second consecutive year of population decline in 2023.
北京方面希望鼓勵年輕夫婦生育，因為2023年中國人口連續第二年出現下降。
這裡的 posted 指“報告”或“釋出”某個資料或資訊，後面可以加報告、資料、業績等，可以和report, announce, record, reveal等詞替換，例如：
The company reported a significant increase in profits this quarter.
公司報告本季度利潤大幅增長。
The latest statistics revealed a troubling trend in unemployment rates.
最新統計資料顯示sy率出現了令人擔憂的趨勢。
The study recorded a decline in biodiversity over the past decade.
研究記錄了過去十年生物多樣性的下降。
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The survey aims to analyse "reluctance and fear surrounding having children" and ultimately provide fertility support and incentive measures, the newspaper said.
此次調查旨在分析人們“不想生、不敢生”的原因，並最終提供生育支援和激勵措施。
surrounding此處是about的含義，也可以用concerning, regarding, with regard to替換，例如：
He asked several questions concerning the future of the company.
他問了幾個有關公司前途的問題。
Call me if you have any problems regarding your work.
你如果還有什麼工作方面的問題就給我打電話。
The company's position with regard to overtime is made clear in their contracts.
公司關於加班的立場在合同中有明確說明。
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The last time a countrywide family and fertility survey was carried out was in 2021. It comes after China's National Bureau of Statistics said it will conduct a nationwide sample survey from Oct. 10-Nov. 30 to monitor population changes.
上一次全國範圍的家庭與生育調查是在2021年，而國家統計局將於10月10日至11月30日開展一項全國性抽樣調查，以監測人口變化。
這段話裡有對同義替換：carry out和conduct，都表示“進行、執行”，後面可以加行動、任務、命令、政策、研究、實驗、問卷、調查、面試等，如：
The police will carry out an investigation into the incident.
警方將對該事件進行調查。
The company carried out a survey to understand customer satisfaction.
公司進行了調查以瞭解客戶滿意度。
6
Population development has often been linked to a strong and rejuvenated China in state media.
國家媒體常將人口發展與中國的強盛與復興相聯絡。
rejuvenate 意思是 to make sb / sth look or feel younger or more lively “使某人或某物變得更有活力”，比如 rejuvenate the economy 重振經濟。
《時代週刊》給“球王”貝利寫的訃告中也出現了這個詞：
He changed his mind and was rejuvenated in the 1970 World Cup.
他改變了主意，在1970年世界盃上重登巔峰。
它的名詞形式是 rejuvenation，這個詞經常出現在《政府工作報告》和二三級筆譯中，21年政工報告中有這麼一句話：
Thanks to our hard work in these five years, we accomplished the major goals and tasks of the 13th Five-Year Plan, and made a giant stride toward the rejuvenation of the Chinese nation.
經過五年持續奮鬥，“十三五”規劃主要目標任務勝利完成，中華民族偉大復興向前邁出了新的一大步。
補充一個rejuvenate的同義詞：reinvigorate，意思是 to give new energy or strength to sth，既可以修飾經濟，也可以修飾人，看兩個例句：
We need to reinvigorate the economy of the area.
我們需要給這個地區的經濟注入新的活力。
I felt reinvigorated after a rest and a shower.
我休息了一會兒，衝了個淋浴，感到精神煥發。
7
Chinese health officials said in September they would focus more efforts on advocating marriage and childbirth at "appropriate ages" and called for shared parenting responsibilities to guide young people towards "positive perspectives on marriage, childbirth and family".
中國衛生官員在9月表示，將更加重視倡導“適齡”婚育，並呼籲共同承擔育兒責任，引導年輕人樹立“積極的婚育與家庭觀”。
focus more efforts on意思是“把更多精力集中在…、更加重視…”也可以直接說focus more on…，或者devote more resources to、prioritize等。
advocating marriage and childbirth at "appropriate ages"意思是：倡導在“合適的年齡”結婚、生育。其中advocate可以用promote, campaign for替換。
call for是“呼籲”的意思，類似urge, encourage等詞。
shared responsibilities是名詞，指“共同責任”，shared parenting responsibilities指夫妻兩人共同承擔育兒責任。
shared表示“共同的”，例如shared goals 共同目標，shared prosperity 共同繁榮，中國外宣材料裡經常出現這句話：
China stands ready to work together with all other countries to make new contributions in promoting enduring world peace and shared prosperity.
中國願與各國攜手合作、同舟共濟，為促進世界持久和平與共同發展做出新的貢獻。
今天就到這裡，感謝閱讀！